作者：小雅和英美友人
◆ 优、良、轻度、中度、重度、严重污染，英文怎么说？
◆ 如何给孩子解释雾霾和沙尘暴的成因？
◆ 木耳、银耳、莲子、藕、百合，这些抗霾食物英文怎么说？
▎Smog 雾霾
Child: Mom, I can't see the park from the window.
宝宝：妈妈，我从窗户看不到公园了。
It's foggy.
有雾。
See?
看见了吗？
Mom: Let's check the weather app
妈妈：咱们查查天气app，
and see how the air quality is today.
看看今天的空气质量怎么样。
OK, do you see the dark red color?
嗯，你看见这个深红色了吗？
That means our air quality is hazardous.
这说明咱们的空气质量属于严重污染。
The fog you see is actually smog.
你看到的雾其实是雾霾。
Child: What is smog?
宝宝：什么是雾霾？
Mom: Smog is fog combined with smoke and other pollutants.
妈妈：雾霾是雾和烟以及其他污染物的混合体。
And the word "smog" is a blend of "fog" and "smoke."
Smog这个词就是fog和smoke的合体。
The pollutants are tiny particles
污染物是微小的颗粒，
that come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factories.
它们来自汽车尾气、火力发电厂和工厂。
▎Sandstorm 沙尘暴
Child: The air is filled with dust.
宝宝：空气里都是尘土。
Mom: Yes, there's a sandstorm today.
妈妈：是的，今天有沙尘暴。
Look at the PM10 index.
看看PM10指数。
It’s already 500.
已经500了。
Child: Why do we have a sandstorm?
宝宝：我们为什么会遇到沙尘暴啊？
Mom: Sandstorms form when
妈妈：沙尘暴是这样形成的，
strong winds pick up the loose sand, dirt, or soil
强风把沙子、浮土和土壤卷起来，
and keep carrying it around
然后一直携带着，
and fills the air.
弥漫到空气中。
▎Health and Safety Precautions 健康与安全防护
Child: So the air is dirty?
宝宝：所以空气很脏？
Mom: Yes, we need to stay inside as much as possible.
妈妈：是的，我们需要尽可能呆在屋里。
We also need to keep the windows closed
我们还需要保持窗户关闭，
and turn on our air purifier.
并打开空气净化器。
Breathing too much of the dirty air is bad for your lungs and your health.
呼吸太多脏空气对你的肺部和身体健康有害。
Child: What do we do if we have to go outside?
宝宝：我们要是需要出去要怎么做呢？
Mom: We have to wear face masks.
妈妈：我们需要戴口罩。
Child: Like the face mask for the pandemic?
宝宝：就像防控疫情的口罩？
Mom: No, we'll need to wear a different kind
妈妈：不，我们需要戴另外一种
- the PM2.5 masks.
—— PM2.5口罩。
They fit closer to your face
它们更贴合你的面部，
so the air has a harder time getting into your nose, mouth, and lungs.
这样空气就很难进入你的鼻子、嘴和肺部了。
They are also made of different materials.
而且它们是用不同材料制成的。
Child: Oh, OK.
宝宝：哦，好的。
Mom: Do you remember how we talked about washing our hands every time we got home?
妈妈：还记得咱们说的每天回家要洗手的事吧？
Child: Yes, I do.
宝宝：记得。
Mom: Very good.
妈妈：很好。
Well, when it's smoggy out,
嗯，外面有雾霾的时候，
we also need to wash our face and nose
我们还需要洗脸和鼻子，
to get the dirt off.
把灰尘洗掉。
Can you do that?
你能做到吗？
Child: Yep!
宝宝：能！
Mom: While you wash your face,
妈妈：你洗脸的时候，
you can also try to blow your nose to get the dirt out.
还可以试试擤擤鼻涕，把灰尘擤出来。
把灰尘洗掉用get the dirt off，off指从表面脱离，而把灰尘擤出来用get the dirt out，out指出来。
Child: That's a lot to remember.
宝宝：有这么多要记。
Mom: I'll help you remember.
妈妈：我会帮你记住的。
I'm also going to ask you to drink more water
我还要提醒你多喝水，
and eat more fruit and vegetables,
多吃水果和蔬菜，
like black tremella mushrooms, white tremella mushrooms, lotus seeds, lotus roots, lily bulbs, spinach, carrots, radishes, etc.
比如木耳、银耳、莲子、莲藕、百合、菠菜、胡萝卜、萝卜等等。
木耳和银耳在西方不是很常见，因此有多种翻译方法，比如木耳也叫black fungus、cloud ear fungus，银耳也叫white fungus。
They are good for your lungs.
它们对你的肺有好处。
Child: Can I have an apple for a snack?
宝宝：我能吃个苹果作为加餐吗？
Mom: You sure can.
妈妈：当然可以。 更多春天相关英文，请查看：
春天和孩子说的英文：小草发芽、柳树抽新枝、冰雪消融、动物苏醒
春天，你会和孩子说的15句英文（日常生活篇）
春天赏花亲子英文，附16种美国、中国春季常见花中英对照
【当当】你和宝宝说英语
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