Week53

ScalersTalk成长会听力狂练小组是ScalersTalk旗下专攻听力训练的子群。为了进一步促进学习效果，ScalersTalk听力小组自2016年起，已经转为成长会内部小组，不再接受外部申请。

一.每周复盘规则：

1.每日听写：

听写材料群论坛自取，进群论坛方式请看群公告。群内成员每天上传自己的全文听写情况及听写正确率截图（必做一），做完听写之后请及时复习，并且提交自己的每日复盘总结（必做二）。每日复盘总结模式分为以下几个方面，请任选一种模式进行整理，并将复盘成果发送到群内：

（1）初级模式：对生词、短语、语音及背景知识进行总结，整理成文字材料发送至群内；

（2）中级模式：提取材料中生词、短语搭配或者句式连接进行造句训练，并发送至群内。

（3）高级模式：对材料进行复述或者summary，提炼要点，并将你的复述或者summary通过语音发送至群内。

2.周六晚7点复盘：

周复盘将采取轮流主持的机制，群内所有成员将被分成5组，各组轮流承担每周复盘工作。每组在复盘时推举一名轮值主持，全程带领群内所有成员进行复盘。

往期日志：

• 川普其人

房地产大亨、亿万富翁川普从他宣布参加2016年美国总统选举之日起，就是一个颇有争议的人物。他的竞选活动不仅没有“中规中矩”地遵循美国总统竞选的各项*规则潜**，而且日益显现出一个“离经叛道者”的特色。他口无遮拦，信口开河，似乎有点“语不惊人死不休”的味道。共和*党**领导和其他参选人起先并没把他当回事。有的媒体甚至斥之为“疯子”、“有钱过把竞选总统瘾”；有的视之为此次总统选举的“笑柄”。然而，随着竞选活动的展开，令美国各界备感意外、吃惊的是，川普的竞选势头不仅没有减退，反而“异军突起”。目前，川普获得的选举人票数遥遥领先其他共和*党**候选人，如果其竞选势头持续，今年7月共和*党**行将召开的*党**代表大会，可能不得不确定川普为共和*党**总统参选人。如何对付川普，已经成为共和*党**领导层的一大难题

• 主要政策主张：

墨美边境建墙

修改宪法14修正案和驱逐移民

轰炸ISIS

废除Obamacare

增加美国工人就业，打击中国日本墨西哥

Make America Great again

• NAFTA

北美自由贸易协定（南北合作的典范）

1989年，美国和加拿大两国签署了《美加自由贸易协定》。经过14个月的谈判，1992年8月12日，美国、加拿大及墨西哥三国签署了一项三边自由贸易协定－－北美自由贸易协定。1994年1月1日，该协定正式生效。协定决定自生效之日起在15年内逐步消除贸易壁垒、实施商品和劳务的自由流通，以形成一个拥有3.6亿消费者，每年国民生产总值超过6万亿美元的世界最大的自由贸易集团。

该协定的目的是通过在自由贸易区内扩大贸易及投资机会，来促进美、加、墨三国的就业机会和经济增长，增强三国在全球市场的竞争力。自协定生效之日起，美、加、墨在15年的过渡期内全部取消商品、服务及投资领域的所有关税及非关税壁垒。

• 简单归纳内容如下：

①关税相互减免

②取消进口限制

③坚持产地规定

④政府采购协定

⑤鼓励投资

⑥扩大相互金融服务

⑦发展相互自由运输

⑧鼓励保护知识产权

⑨协商争端解决机制

生词短语

Standing in line among thousands hoping to see Donald Trump at the Janesville Conference Center was a last-minute decision foraccountant William Collett.

• a last minute decision for sb:某人刚刚做的决定

The presidential candidate he’ll vote for in the Wisconsin primary April 5th also will be a late decision.

• presidential candidate:总统候选人

“Well, as ofthis morning I’ll be voting for Trump.”

• as of: From, at, or until a given time. 自……起；直到

  Eg. As of last December our meetings have been open to the public.

  As of now I’m not sure how I’ll vote.

One of the biggest reasons is Trump’s views on curbingforeign trade agreements.

• curb: n.路边； vt.抑制

  Eg.He parked his car along the curb.

  他把汽车停靠在路边

  We must curb inflation.

  我们必须控制通货膨胀。

“Look at the NAFTA program that was voted in through politicians, and they darnwell knew that jobs were gonnajump the borders.”

• darn: v.织补n.补钉int.该死（damn的委婉语）

• jump the border越过边界

This is a primary concern formany in Janesville, home of a massive General Motors assembly plant, which has beenidlefor almost a decade.

• be a primary concern for sb.是某人最关心的事情

• idle:无目的；无聊的; 懒惰的；闲散的; 无根据的

  Eg. Being at an idle end, we often go to and look around the shops.

  闲来无事，我们常去逛逛商店。

  I never believe idle reports.

  我从来不信捕风捉影的传闻。

The closure of the plant putthousands in the areaout ofwell-paying jobs and changed the way of life for many who live in this working-class town, which reflects a large part of the Republican electorate.

• put…out of jobs：让…失业

• electorate：选民（全体），全体（合格）选民/选举区，选区

  注意：electorate用作主语时，如侧重整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如侧重个体，则谓语动词用复数形式

  Eg. A successful politician is one who keeps his finger on the pulse of the electorate.

  一位成功的政治家是一个对选民有深刻了解的人。

“Many of them were once Democrats. Their fathers worked on the linein industrial America. They had a nice house in the suburbs. They made the kind of money that the upper working class used to make in the 50s and 60s. They look back on that life and they wonder where it went.”

• line=assembly line

John Sharpless is a History professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He’s also a former Republican candidatefor Congress who narrowly lost his election in 2000. He says Republican Party leadership has misjudged working-class voters for several election cycles.

• a former Republican candidate for Congress:前共和国议会候选人

“I think they are a hurting group, and they’re an angry group, and they feel that they were rejected by the Democrats, and then they felt they were rejected by the Republicans, and Trump has tapped intothat anger.”

• tap into: 深入了解；（为了利益）充分利用或挖掘（资源）

Eg. tap into something to understand and express something such aspeople’s beliefs or attitudesthe senator’s ability to tap into the American psyche

But 21-year-old Charlie Luiting says he’s most impressed by Trump’s credentials.

• credentials

1、personal qualities, achievements, or experiences that make someone suitable for somethingne能力

Eg. His credentials as a football manager are impressive.

2、documents that prove who you are or that show your qualifications orstatus证书

Eg. The policeman asked to see the driver’s credentials.

“He’s kind of the epitomeof an American businessman, I really like that. He isself-established.”

• epitomen.缩影；化身；典型

  Eg.She was the epitome of fashionable elegance.

• embodiment化身

  giving concrete form to an abstract concept（抽象变具象）

  Eg.The new factory is the embodiment of the very latest ideas.

  这座新工厂是那些最新设想的体现。

• self-established=self-made=from rag to rich

But there’s another name on Luiting’s radar: Speaker of the House and Janesville’s hometown Congressman Paul Ryan, who went to school with Luiting’s mother.

• on one’s radar:（拟人化）在…的考虑中

Pam Michell has dedicated her life to making the lives of this vulnerable population better as executive directorof the nonprofit organization.

• executive director：执行董事

While the scarcityof affordable housing can be the main reason people experience homelessness, Michell says New Hope is offering them the services they need to change their lives and succeed.

• scarcity: There is a scarcity of trained staff.

  缺乏受过训练的人员

  lack want absence shortage scarcity

• 这些名词均含“缺乏，不足”之意。

• lack:普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。

• want:指完全或短缺某物，侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。want有时可作“贫穷”解

  Eg.Their health had suffered from years of want.

  他们长年贫困影响了身体健康。

  Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.

  这样,计算机很快就被视为必需品,而非需求品

• absence:指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。

• shortage:指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。

• scarcity:指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。

“I learn I still have opportunity to change it and I can change it. It’s just all about going forthin doing necessary work to do it. I mean if you really want better, you would do better and that’sthe frame of mindof me now.”

• go forth:出发, 离去

• The frame of mind:心境，心态

  Eg. Now I fully understand the frame of mind of one residing in a place far away from home

  我现在可充分体会出游子的心境了

1. *队军**重新发动对首都的攻击。（renew）

   The army renewed its assault on the capital.

2. 警方正对嫌疑人实施不间断监视。（surveillance）

   The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.

3. 在美国，据说司机在盛怒之下会拔枪互射。（overheated）

   In America, overheated drivers have been known to shoot each other.

4. 有些人认为这场演讲只是华而不实的政治空谈。（political rhetoric）

   The speech was dismissed by some people as merely political rhetoric.

5. 她对自己的工作十分尽心尽力。（dedicated）

   She’s completely dedicated to her work.

6. 我们还是别不假思索就把这种想法排除在外。（dismiss）

   Let’s not just dismiss the idea before we’ve even thought about it.

7. 该计划的很多内容与欧洲农业及环境方面的政策相冲突。（run counter to）

   Let’s not just dismiss the idea before we’ve even thought about it.

8. 约翰逊因为拒绝辞职在报刊上遭到诋毁。（vilify）

   Johnson was vilified in the press for refusing to resign.

• ISIS与ISIL

伊斯兰国-伊斯兰国”（阿拉伯语：الدولة الإسلامية‎，英语：Islamic State，缩写：IS），前称“伊拉克和大叙利亚伊斯兰国”（英语：Islamic State of Iraq and al Shams，缩写：ISIS），阿拉伯国家和部分西方国家称为“达伊沙”（DAESH），[1] 是一个自称建国的活跃在伊拉克和叙利亚的极端恐怖组织

• 古城巴尔米拉

横贯亚欧两大洲的古代丝绸之路，是东西方文明交流的伟大通道。随着丝绸之路的发展，一大批城市在沿线兴起。它们就像一颗颗绚丽的明珠，在世界历史上散发出璀璨的光芒。其中有一座古城非常独特，这就是“沙漠明珠”巴尔米拉。

罗马帝国时期，巴尔米拉快速崛起，公元2世纪达到鼎盛，成为罗马帝国东部最大、最繁荣的城市。整个城市面积约为20平方公里，居民估计有15万—20万人。在水、粮食等资源非常有限的沙漠之中，能够建造起这样大规模的城市，可以说是一个奇迹。巴尔米拉城中遍布各类建筑物，包括雄伟的凯旋门、庄严的公民会堂、神圣的庙宇、宽阔的露天剧院、舒适的公共浴堂、雅致的贵族私宅等。那些经历了将近两千年风雨沧桑的*物文**古迹，直到今天依然令人惊叹不已。

巴尔米拉战略地位重要，是连接首都大马士革和叙利亚东部以及叙与伊拉克边境的重要城市。

生词短语

In May 2015, Islamic State fighters seizedthe ancient Syrian city of Palmyra — a UNESCO world heritage site north of Damascus known for its Greek, Roman, and Persian ruins and archaeological treasures.

• seize: v.(动词)

1. seize的基本意思是“抓住”,可指突然有力地抓住或握住某人或某物,也可指抓住机会、时机等转瞬即逝的难以捉摸的抽象事物,引申可表示领会难以理解和难以分析的内容。seize还可作“夺取”“占领”解,指出其不意地或强有力地抓住并占为己有,引申还可表示强烈的感情、愿望等突然影响或控制某人。

2. seize作“(疾病)侵袭”解时常用于被动结构。

   贝蒂今天早晨忽然生病了。

   误Betty was seized with suddenly an illness this morning.

   正Betty was seized with an illness this morning.

3. 在困难情况下,我们一定要夺取更大的胜利。

   误We must seize still greater victory by force in the difficult conditions.

   正We must seize still greater victory in the difficult conditions.

   析seize作“侵袭”解时,它本身含有“突然”的意思,所以加suddenly这类的副词是多余的。当作“夺取”解时,它本身含有“强有力”的意思,所以加by force这样一个短语也是多余的。

4. 警察抓住了那个小偷的手臂。

   误The policeman seized the thief’s arm.

   正The policeman seized the thief by the arm.

   析表示“抓住某人的某个部位”,通常用seize sb by sth 结构

Many feared they would destroy the priceless remains.

• remain:n.遗迹，遗址

  Eg. They have found prehistoric remains.

  他们发现了史前遗迹。

When Syrian forces recaptured the city last month, they found a few of the famed monuments were destroyed but many of the ancient ruinsare still intact — though IS was said to havelootedancient grave sites around the city.

• ruin: ruin用作名词的基本意思是“毁坏,毁灭,灭亡”,常指因*力暴**、自然灾害或疏忽等因素而造成的建筑物的毁坏,是不可数名词。ruin还可用来表示毁坏的结果,即“被毁的东西”“废墟,遗迹”,这时是可数名词。引申可作“完全丧失,断送,垮台(的原因)”解,是不可数名词。

  Eg. Tom visualized the house as a romantic ruin.

  汤姆把那所房子想像成有传奇色彩的废墟

• intactadj.完好无缺的；原封不动的；未经触碰的

  Eg. Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact.

  虽然他遭到一连串的不幸，他的信心和乐观丝毫未减。

• loot

  loot, burglarize, deprive, plunder, rifle, rob

  这组词都有“剥夺”“抢夺”的意思。其区别在于:

  rob指用公然恐吓、*力暴**或哄骗等非法手段剥夺他人的财物或名誉、地位、权利等;

  burglarize指夜间潜入某处偷盗,但不一定达到目的;

  deprive的对象可以是“权利”“资格”等抽象的东西,但不可接表示场所的名词

  loot指不顾法律或道德、不顾死活或见利忘义地抢劫,暗示应受到谴责;

  rifle指闯入房间或某地搜劫,可以是抢劫一空,也可暗示搜寻某物;

  plunder指大规模或大范围地掠夺。

“So they have recognized that there’s value in the destruction of culture in terms of intimidationof local populations and that there’s value in the looting of it and then the sale and raising funds for their own cause.”

• Intimidation: n.恐吓；威胁(act/feeling)

  Eg.The intimidation of the flood has been released.

  洪水的威胁解除了。

  Despite the claim for honesty there is use of intimidation or deception on both members and outsiders.

  不管其声称其为作为都是正直的，但他用威胁或欺骗的手法对付其成员或外人。

库尔德工人*党**武装-土耳其库尔德工人*党**是库尔德游击队组织，成立于1979年，其宗旨是在地处土耳其、伊拉克、伊朗和叙利亚交界处的库尔德人居住区，建立起一个独立的“库尔德斯坦共和国

• 什叶派、逊尼派、ISIS与库尔德人

伊朗、伊拉克、叙利亚目前是什叶派掌权，其它穆斯林国家都是逊尼派掌权。 其中伊拉克原先是逊尼派掌权（萨达姆），伊拉克战争后改为什叶派掌权，因为伊拉克穆斯林当中什叶派居多。就全球穆斯林人口来看，逊尼派占据绝对多数。

ISIS属于逊尼派极端武装，其成立之初就打出旗号要解放“伊拉克等地受什叶派和外国势力欺压的逊尼派”，建立一个“统一的逊尼派国家并消灭什叶派”。

库尔德人是生活在土耳其、伊拉克、叙利亚等地的一个民族，大部分库尔德人是穆斯林，其中多数是逊尼派。库尔德问题也属于历史遗留问题，库尔德人一直谋求独立建国，经过长期政治、军事斗争，最终伊拉克的库尔德人获得了自治权利。萨达姆执政期间曾对库尔德人进行过疯狂*杀屠**和*压镇**，后来萨达姆之所以被绞死，其罪行中最核心的一条就是对库尔德人的种族*杀屠**（使用化学*器武**）。

多数库尔德人和ISIS虽同属逊尼派，但ISIS过于极端，并且谋求攻占库尔德人的土地建国、夺取库尔德人的石油资源，因而库尔德人武装会坚决抗击ISIS。就目前来看，ISIS是伊拉克最大的敌人，伊拉克政府及民众（什叶派居多，阿拉伯人）、库尔德武装（逊尼派居多，库尔德人）和美军才会暂时“联合”起来打击ISIS，其实这三家“联盟”也是问题多多、同床异梦，库尔德人谋求从伊拉克独立，美军则担忧伊拉克倒向同属逊尼派的伊朗。

公元7世纪,阿拉伯人穆罕默德创建伊斯兰教。穆罕默德去世后，他的信徒们在继承权问题上发生激烈争执。一派主张继承人应由穆斯林公社根据资历、威望选举产生，因而认为穆罕默德的门徒、由穆斯林公社推选的哈里发是合法继承人。拥护这个主张的穆斯林即是后来的“逊尼派”。目前，全世界伊斯兰教穆斯林百分之九十属于这一派。另一部分人主张世袭原则，认为穆罕默德的堂弟、女婿阿里才是合法继承人。支持这一主张的穆斯林后来被称为什叶派。全世界百分之十的穆斯林属于这一派。在历史上，逊尼派与什叶派长期对立，常常发生矛盾和冲突，深度影响着一些伊斯兰国家的政局和相互关系。

生词短语

Today, they battle IS — or ISIL, as it is also known — both in broad daylight and in daringnighttime raids.

• daring勇敢的；大胆的.勇敢；勇气

“Side by sideof the military actions that we are taking, there needs to be some sort of political process, there needs to be some sort of reassurance for the Sunnis, also, that they will be involved in the future of Iraq. And they will be involved, and they should be engaged in the political process.

• side by side: 肩并肩地； 一起

When the Iraqi military launched Operation Conquest to retake Mosul, many, including Talabani, said they doubted the army’s readiness to retake the city. It’s not just about military capacity, he warns, it’s also about sectarianism.

• sectarianismn.宗派主义

  Eg. With Marxism in words transformed into Marxism in real life, there will be no more sectarianism.

  把口头上的马克思主义变成为实际生活里的马克思主义，就不会有宗派主义了

“Whatever force is gonna take Mosul should be a Sunni-blessed force. Because don’t forget defeating ISIL cannot only be done by pushing in this front in Mosul. We need to take away the grass-roots support that’s already there in Mosul, from the tribal leaders to ISIL.”

• Sunni-blessed支持逊尼派的

• push in推进

Elite forces like Diji Terror, backed by coalition airstrikes, have made significant headwayagainst the militants. But Iraqis themselves know that it will take more than military might to defeat the Islamic State.

• headway前进，进展

  Make headway=make progress

  Eg.Did you make any headway in your research work?

  你们的研究工作有进展吗？

  The boat made slow headway against the tide.

  那船逆着潮水缓慢地前进。

Congress was idle last week, but three senators flew to Washington to meet with President Barack Obama’s Supreme Court nominee. Most notable was Mark Kirk, the first Republican to sit down with federal appellatejudge Merrick Garland.

• appellate:上诉的；受理上诉的；控诉的

• appellate court受理上诉的法庭

  Eg.federal appellate justice联邦上诉法院法官

“As the president put forwardJudge Garland, we should give him advice and consent. We need full rational, adult, open-minded consideration of the constitutional process.”

• put forward:to officially suggest that someone should be considered for aparticular job or position

• put someone forward as/for something:

  Eg. Your name was putforward as a possible team leader.

But Republicans control the Senate. Unless they budge, Garland will remain in limbo.

• limbo监狱/中间状态或位置

  Eg. Israel is in political limbo today.

  以色列今天陷入政治僵局。

  I’m in limbo, waiting to know if I’ve got the job or not.

  我心神不定，等着知道是否已得到了那份工作。

“The Senate will appropriately revisitthe matter when it considers the qualifications of the nominee the next president nominates, whoever that might be.”

• Revisit: to consider or discuss something again

  Eg. I think that’s a subject which will have to be revisited.

The high court’s make-upand ideological center ofgravityare issues in the presidential contest.

• make-up:架构

• gravity：the seriousness or importance of something

• gravity of:

  Eg. I’m sure you can appreciate the gravity of the situation.Offenders should be punished in proportion to the gravity of theiroffenses.

Opinion pollsshow majority backing for full Senate consideration of Garland. Democrats believe Republicans willbow tothe public will or suffer at theballot boxin November. Whatever the political calculations, the vast majority of Republican senators are holding firm.

• opinion poll:*意民**测验

• bow tov. 服从； 向 … 鞠躬

  Eg. bow to the inevitable听天由命

• ballot box投票箱

• hold firm:立场坚定 refuse to abandon one’s opinion or belief

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