别再闷头刷题了，GMAT一段式阅读有方法！
GMAT阅读有长阅读和短阅读之分
但是如果以为短阅读就会相应简单些
那就真是too young too naive了
GMAT短阅读尤其是一段式阅读普遍存在一个问题
那就是结构不清晰
一段式文章通常是学生遇到的第一篇文章
做好第一篇阅读也是非常重要的~
并不是只有SC错了才掉库哦
阅读看不懂连错也是常见的~
趴趴找了一个例子，来看看怎么应对一段式文章：
Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past eachother, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists’ pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth’s surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks’ properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.
一段式文章，因为本身篇幅不长，所以可以采取从头开始看的办法来处理，理清楚结构和层次。
首先第一句Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past eachother, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected.
这句话有两个点需要注意。首先是but前面的， 1965年之前的地理学家的assume的内容，也就是assumption猜想（SAF处的两大岩层通过摩擦产热）； but之后，but就是代表转折了， 出现的Henry的意外发现（SAF处的断层并没有想象中的那么高）就是对前面的地理学家的assumption进行的转折
有了Henry这个意外发现， some geologists 就开始对这一发现进行了猜想：
Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. （是否可以用岩石种类这个原因去解释Henry的发现）
既然猜想的是岩石种类这个原因， 那就对岩石种类这个因素进行一下背景介绍：
Geologists’ pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types
地理学家的1965年之前的猜想都是基于common rocks的，也就是硬的岩石；但是在软的岩石早已被发现于断层中，只是没有被考虑进去。通常情况下，软的岩石的摩擦力比硬的低。（感觉岩石种类的猜想可行的样子~）
接着1992年B这个人做实验就验证前面这个猜想：
In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth’s surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks’ properties, affects frictional heating.
实验结果是：1. 摩擦力不管是硬是软，摩擦力一样，*翻推**了岩石种类猜想 2. 互相压的力越大， 产热越多。
由于前面这个第2个实验结果，地理学家提出了另外一个猜想：
Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.（岩层之间的水→岩层压力变小→摩擦产热降低→解释henry发现）
文章结构
所以这篇文章的一个文章结构就是意外发现→解释。再细分一点就是 意外发现→解释1→（通过实验*翻推**解释1）→ （通过实验结果）提出解释2
从上面的例子中我们可以看到，短篇阅读是GMAT阅读中难度相对较低的题型。不仅文章篇幅短，而且难度一般也不高，虽然偶尔会有难题，但大部分题目大家一遍读完就能顺手解决。因此想要拿到高分，大家只要分析清楚文章的结构，再仔细一点看清问题就能比较稳妥的拿到分数了。
而想要分析清楚文章结构我们可以借助结构化阅读的方法：
结构化阅读是从上到下的取向。这种方法从文章的整体和写作意图出发，以演绎的方式，推断和推测段落的结构关系，再从段落的首句，按照总分结构的思维，推断和推测段内若干句子的逻辑关系和词汇提炼的核心，再到段内的中间句子层面，仅仅看重那些由对比和让步转折等语言形式写成的句子。
结构阅读法好像一个人带着地图和指南针走进了有时明亮有时幽深的树林，沿着最直的道路前进，顺利抵达终点，然后向树林外的人讲述旅途的精彩。明亮的地带是结构性的句子，包括首末句、转折句和态度句，幽深的地带是专业细节句子，尤其是那些专属于某个学科的纯证据描述，甚至包括专业名词以及在中间句子出现的哪怕是不认识的动词和形容词。
GMAT属于一个逻辑思维的测试，阅读也不例外，即使是看似不清不楚的一段式文章也存在紧密的逻辑关系，多练习理文章逻辑脉络自然就能够明白一段式文章的套路，从而面对一段式文章也能从容不迫！（多多练习分析文章吧~）
E/N/D
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