Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
1.sing 动词 . singer 名词 歌手
She sings a song . she is a singer.
2.swim 动词,名词 游泳 ; swimmer名词 游泳者 ;swimming 名词 游泳
go swimming = go for a swim 去游泳 have a swim 游泳
When can we go for a swim? Let’s have a swim.
3.dance 动词 名词 跳舞 ;dancer 名词 舞者
He can dance.
4.draw 动词 画 I can’t draw well. Can you draw a tree? Can you draw me a map?
5. play v. 演奏,弹奏(乐器)
(1) play后接表示西方乐器的名词,则名词前须加定冠词the,表示“演奏”乐器。
e.g. play the piano/violin/drums弹钢琴/拉小提琴/敲鼓
He likes playing the guitar. 他喜欢弹吉他。
(2) play后接表球类运动的名词,不与冠词连用;
e.g. play tennis/ soccer/ basketball/ping-pong 打网球/踢足球/打篮球/打乒乓球
(3)表示“打(牌);下(棋)”,为及物动词,不与冠词连用,但与game连用时,常与the连用。
e.g. Do you like playing bridge / cards / poker? 你喜欢打桥牌/牌/扑克吗?
They often play chess. 他们经常下棋。
He will show us how to play the game. 他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏。
6. speak v.说话;说
【辨析】
(1)speak侧重于开口发声,强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容。
①、 作及物动词时,常以某种语言作宾语。
②、 作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有:speak of something/somebody谈到某事(某人)speak to sb 跟某人讲话。
Eg:He wants to speak to me. 他想和我说话。
③、 此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。
Eg:
Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗?
She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。
He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。
(2)say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代词或宾语从句。
eg:
He can say his name. 他会说他的名字。
Please say it in English. 请用英语说。
(3)talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话”,着重强调两者之间的
相互说话。 常用于talk with/to sb或talk about sth结构中。
eg:
She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈。
What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在和他谈话。
talk to, talk with,与talk about
【辨析】
(1)talk to sb意为“和某人谈话”,多指主动找对方谈话,说话。
(2)talk with sb意为“和某人交谈”。
(3)talk about sb/sth意为“谈论某人/某物”
[牛刀小试]:
汉译英:
(1) 上课时别和他人讲话。
(2) 你们在谈论什么呢?
解析: (1)Don’t talk to the others in class.
(2)What are you talking about?
(4)tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉”,动词常跟双宾语。常用于tell sb sth结构中,后接直接宾语和间接宾语。
tell sb sth=tell sth to sb告诉某人某事。
eg:
tell a story讲故事 tell a joke讲笑话
He is telling the children a story. 他正在给孩子们讲一个故事。
He tells me he can play the guitar.
[牛刀小试]
用say, speak, tell或talk填空。
1. The teacher the students not to be late again.
2. Do you often to your friends on the phone?
3. Don’t forget to “Thank you” when someone opens the door for you.
4. Can you Japanese?
5. Our English teacher comes from America, but she often we can Chinese when we with her. Sometimes she us stories in Chinese.
解析: 1. tells 2. talk 3. say 4. speak 5. says; speak; talk; tells
8.join动词 参加;加入
(1)join用作及物动词,后接表示人的名词或代词作宾语,表示和这些人一起进行某项活动。
My classmates all go to the zoo, but I don’t join them.
我的同学都去了动物园,但是我没有和他们一起去。
join还用来表示参加*队军**、政*党**、组织等,成为其中的一员。如:
join the Party/ League/ WTO/ the army/ the music club
入*党**/入团/加入世贸组织/参军/加入音乐俱乐部
I want to join the music club. 我想参加音乐俱乐部。
(2)join in (sth./doing sth.) 参加(娱乐、竞赛、谈话等)
Can I join the game?我能参加这个游戏吗?
【牛刀小试】
汉译英。
(1)Tom likes football, He wants _______ _______ the _______ club.
汤姆喜欢踢足球。他要参加足球俱乐部。
(3) Look. They are dancing(正在跳舞)。Let’s ________ _________.
看!他们正在跳舞,我们和他们一起跳吧。
Let’s后的动词用原形。
[解析]此题主要考查join + 宾语,及join + in + 宾语的用法。由上栏的讲解和题意可知:(1)want to do. 想干某事。(2)考查join in的用法。注意in后面用they的宾格them。
[答案](1)to,join,football(soccer)(2)join,them
9.club可数名词
art club ;music club ;swimming club; English club ;story telling club ;soccer club
10. be good at (doing) sth意为“擅长(做)某事”,相当于do well in
eg. Jim is very good at math.
吉姆十分擅长数学。
I am good at playing basketball.
我篮球打得很好。
[牛刀小试]:
( ) She does _____her computer studies, and is also _____ English.
A. good in; well at B. well at; good in
C. well in; good at D. good at; well in
解析: C
be good with“和…..相处融洽”
【拓展】be good at= do well in 擅长
be good to 对…..好 be good for 对…..有益 be bad for对……有害
【牛刀小试】
1. 根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) 我和我的同学们相处得非常好。
I _____very_____ _____ my classmates.
(2)她妈妈对她很好。
Her mother_____ very _____ to her.
2. 单项选择
Zhou Yang is_____ skating. She won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.
A. good at B. weak in C. tired of D. angry with
解析:1.(1) am; good with (2)is;good
2. A
10.story 复数stories tell stories 固定短语 讲故事
11.write 动词 write a book
12. show v.展示, 给……看 n. 演出;节目
【点拨】:(1)show作名词,意为“演出;节目”。
E.g. school show 学校演出 talk show脱口秀
(2)show 作动词,构成句型show sb sth=show sth to sb,意为“给某人看某物”。
[牛刀小试]:
根据汉语意思完成句子:
(1) 能给我看看你的新球吗?
Can you____ ____ your new ball?
= Can you____ your new ball____ me?
(2) 在花卉展上,我们可以学到很多知识。
We can learn a lot from the ____ ____.
解析:(1)show; me; show; to (2) flower show
13. or conj.或者 Is it write or black?
【点拨】在否定句中,列举几个人或事物时通常在最后一个人或物前加or,而不用and,但如果前后名词都有no修饰时,则可以用and.
e.g. It has no feet or legs.= It has no feet and no legs.
14. also adv. 也;而且
【辨析】also, too与either
三者都可表示“也”,但用法有区别。
(1)also用在肯定句句中,行为动词之前,be动词,助动词,情态动词之后。
e.g.
They also agree with me.他们也对我表示赞同。
Those books are also interesting.那些书也有趣。
(2)too用于肯定句和疑问句的句末。
e.g. Jim likes red. I like red ,too.吉姆喜欢红色,我也喜欢红色。
(3)either 常用于否定句句末。
[牛刀小试]:
1.单项填空
( )She is a doctor. Her mother is a doctor, ____.
A. too B. also C. either D. and
2. 将下列句子改为否定句
Jack knows the place. I know it, too.
Jack ____ ____ the place. I ____ , ____.
解析:1.A 2. doesn’t know; don’t ;either
15.people 是集合名词,表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
Many people are in the park.
people 之前加定冠词,常用来指人民。We study hard for the people.
people 作可数名词,意为民族,其前可用不定冠词,也可用复数形式。
The Chinese people is a hard-working people.
China has fifty-six peoples.
16.make friends with sb.和……交朋友
17. help 有两个常用结构:
help (sb) with sth在某方面帮助某人
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
eg. My brother helps me with my math.我哥哥帮我补习数学。
Mom asks me to help her do the housework.妈妈叫我帮她做家务。
(2)need sb to do sth意为“需要某人做某事”
【牛刀小试】
根据汉语的意思完成句子
(1)你能帮我学英语吗?
Can you _____ me_____ my English?
(2)我经常帮助同学们做作业。
I often_____ my classmates_____ homework.
(3)他们需要一个足球老师教足球。
They need a soccer teacher_____ _____ soccer.
解析:(1)help; with (2)help; with (3)to teach
18.on the weekend=on weekends
19.teach 三单teaches ;teacher 名词 教师
teach sth.教某事;teach sb. sth.教某人某事;teach sb. sth.教某人做某事
20.musician 名词可数,音乐家;music名词 音乐
21.want : vt 想,想要
固定搭配:1.want sth 想要某物 2.want to do sth 想要做某事 3. want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
e.g. 1. Do you want some coffee? 你想要一些咖啡吗?
2. I want to ride the machine like a bike. 我想要像骑自行车一样地骑那辆机器。
3. They want her to go there with them. 他们想让她一起去那儿。
注:want 和would like (to) 可以互换
批注:want 在讲解时可以和would like 放在一起讲解。
[牛刀小试]:
1. 我想要把英语学好。
_________________________.
2. 我想要一杯茶。
__________________________.
解析:I want to/would like to learn English well; I want / would like a cup of tea.
22. Sounds good. 听起来太棒了。
【句法分析】sound在这里作为一个系动词,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态,性质,特征或身份。
常见的系动词有:look看起来,看上去; taste 尝起来
Eg. You look nice in red. 你穿红色看起来很漂亮。
The dish tastes good. 这道菜味道很好。(尝起来不错)
[牛刀小试]:
汉译英:他看上去很老。
解析:He looks older than his age.
23.have time=be free 有时间,有空。
【单元语法聚焦】
can的用法
can是英语中最常用的几个情态动词之一,它没有人称和数的变化,不能独立作谓语,必须与主要的谓语动词的原形连用。
△ can本身不表示动作,只表示体力或脑力方面的能力。例如:
(1)I/ We/ You/ She/ He/ They can speak Chinese.
我/我们/你/你们/她/他/他们/会说汉语。can无人称和数的变化,表示脑力方面的能力。
(2)I/We/You/She/He/They can carry the heavy box.
我/我们/你/你们/她/他/他们搬得动这个重箱子。表示体力方面的能力。
注:情态动词本身无人称和数的变化,后面的动词用原形。
△ 情态动词的否定式由情态动词加not构成,
如:I/We/You/He/She/It/They can’t swim. can’t=can not
我/我们/你/你们/他/她/它/他们不会游泳。
△ 情态动词Yes/No问句的构成:将情态动词can置于句首,后接句子的主语和主要谓语动词即可。
如:Can you/he/she/it/they can swim?---Yes, I/he/she/it/they can.
你/他/她/它/他们会游泳吗? ----是的,我/他/她/它/他们会游泳。
---- No, I/he/she/it/they can’t.
----不,不会。
△ can还可以与疑问词一起用在特殊疑问句中。如:
Who can swim?谁会游泳?
The fish can swim. 鱼会游泳。
What can the cat do?It can drink its milk.猫会干什么?它会喝它的牛奶。
(3)“Can we...?”一般疑问句表示说话人请求对方的许可,询问可不可以做某件事。如:
“Can we put our coats here?”“Oh, yes, you can.”
“我们可不可以把我们的外套放在这儿?”“噢,当然可以。”
【牛刀小试】
1.—___________you swim?
—No, I___________.
A.Can;can B.Can;don't
C.Do;can't D.Can;can't
2.—Can you play football?
—___________.It's hard.
A.Yes, I can B.No, I can't
C.No, I can D.Yes, I can't
3.She can play the violin.(变成一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
__________________________________________________________
[答案]1.D 2.B 3. Can she play the violin?---Yes, she can.
中考链接
1. -Can you play with a yo-yo, Jim ?
-Yes, I ______ . It’s easy.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. -______________________?
-We are looking for a pair of sports shoes.
A. What do you do B. What do you look for
C. Can I help you D. Do you need help
3. -Can you see the blackboard there ?
-Sorry, ________.
A. you can B. we can C. you can’t D. I can’t
4. Look ! Here _______ Jack’s father and mother.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
5. You ______ go and ask Meimai.
She _____ know the answer.
A. must, can B. must, may C. need, may D. can ,may
Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D
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