一、规划硬盘中的分区 fdisk命令1、作用：在交互式的操作环境中管理磁盘分区2、格式：fdisk [磁盘设备]3、常用选项：m：查看操作指令的帮助信息p：列表查看分区信息n：新建分区d：删除分区t：变更分区类型w：保存分区设置并退出q：放弃分区设置并退出Ctrl+退格键：删除输入的错误字符4、示例：为主机新增一块20G的SCSI硬盘对该硬盘进行分区划分两个主分区，各5G,剩余空间为扩展分区在扩展分区中建立两个逻辑分区，第一个逻辑分区1G，类型为swap。第二个逻辑 分区为9G。（1）关机（2）新增硬盘（3）开机，查看新硬盘是否添加（4）使用fdisk进行分区[root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4f3a72ac.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x4f3a72ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended 【扩展分区】 p primary partition (1-4) 【主分区】pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 回车Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5GCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (655-2610, default 655): 回车Using default value 655Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5GCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)ePartition number (1-4): 4First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309): 回车Using default value 1309Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): 回车Using default value 2610Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) 【逻辑分区】 p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309): 回车Using default value 1309Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): +1GCommand (m for help): tPartition number (1-5): 5Hex code (type L to list codes): 82Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (1441-2610, default 1441): 回车Using default value 1441Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1441-2610, default 2610): 回车Using default value 2610Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.二、大小超过2T的分区规划 parted命令1、作用：规划大小超过2T的分区，也可用于小分区的规划2、格式：parted [选项] [分区设备]3、交互式状态下的常用命令：?/help/--help：帮助quit/q：保存退出print/p：打印mklabel：改变硬盘的文件类型mkpart：分区rm：删除某分区，后面跟分区号，例如：rm 34、示例：为主机新增一块20G的SCSI硬盘对该硬盘进行分区将硬盘类型改为gpt划分三个分区，前两个分区各5G，剩下的都空间都划分给第三分区（1）关机（2）新增硬盘（3）开机，查看新硬盘是否添加[root@www ~]# parted -lModel: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sda: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosNumber Start End Size Type File system 标志 1 1049kB 525MB 524MB primary ext4 启动 2 525MB 107GB 107GB primary lvmModel: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosNumber Start End Size Type File system 标志[root@www ~]# parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 2.1使用 /dev/sdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted(parted) mklabel 新的磁盘标签类型？ 【两次tab键】 aix amiga bsd dvh gpt loop mac msdos pc98 sun 新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will belost. Do you want to continue?是/Yes/否/No? y (parted) mkpart分区名称？ []? part1文件系统类型？ [ext2]? ext4 起始点？ 1 结束点？ 5G(parted) mkpart 分区名称？ []? part2文件系统类型？ [ext2]? ext4 起始点？ 5G结束点？ 10G (parted) mkpart 分区名称？ []? part3 文件系统类型？ [ext2]? ext4 起始点？ 10G结束点？ -1 (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber Start End Size File system Name 标志 1 1049kB 5000MB 4999MB part1 2 5000MB 10.0GB 5001MB part2 3 10.0GB 21.5GB 11.5GB part3(parted) quit[root@www ~]# ls -l /dev/sdb*brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 1月 30 17:35 /dev/sdbbrw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 1月 30 17:02 /dev/sdb1brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 1月 30 17:02 /dev/sdb2brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 19 1月 30 17:02 /dev/sdb3[root@www ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)文件系统标签=操作系统:Linux块大小=4096 (log=2)分块大小=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks305216 inodes, 1220352 blocks61017 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user第一个数据块=0Maximum filesystem blocks=124990259238 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8032 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@www ~]# mkdir /sdb1[root@www ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1/[root@www ~]# cd /sdb1/[root@www sdb1]# echo ceshiwenjian > test.txt[root@www sdb1]# cd[root@www ~]# umount /sdb1/[root@www ~]# parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 2.1使用 /dev/sdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber Start End Size File system Name 标志 1 1049kB 5000MB 4999MB ext4 part1 2 5000MB 10.0GB 5001MB part2 3 10.0GB 21.5GB 11.5GB part3