Bank of England sets biggest rate hike in 33 years and warns of a long recession
The Bank of England raised interest rates by three quarters of a percentage point on Thursday, the biggest hike in 33 years, as it tries to contain soaring inflation even as the UK economy slides towards a recession that could last two years.
英国正面临着可能持续两年的经济衰退。但为了试图遏制通胀飙升，英国央行周四将利率上调了四分之三个百分点，这是33年来最大的一次上调。
①hike
英 [haɪk] 美 [haɪk]
n.(价格、花费等的)大幅度提高，猛增
②contain
英 [kənˈteɪn] 美 [kənˈteɪn]
vt.控制
The central bank made its eighth interest rate hike in less than a year, taking its benchmark rate to 3%, the highest it has been since November 2008.
央行在不到一年的时间里进行了第八次加息，将基准利率降至3%，这是自2008年11月以来的最高水平。
The huge hike matches moves made by the US Federal Reserve on Wednesday and the European Central Bank last week.
美国联邦储备委员会（Fed）周三和欧洲央行（European Central Bank）上周采取的举措与此次大幅加息相吻合。
“Inflation is too high, and it’s the bank’s job to bring it down,” Governor Andrew Bailey said at a press conference after the announcement. “If we do not act forcefully now it will be worse later on.”
“通货膨胀太高了，银行的工作是降低通货膨胀，”州长安德鲁·贝利在通告后的新闻发布会上表示。“如果我们现在不采取强有力的行动，将来会更糟。”
As the Bank of England raises borrowing costs to cap rising prices, Britain’s economy is expected to suffer.
随着英国央行提高借贷成本以限制物价上涨，英国经济预计将受到影响。
The central bank believes economic output is already contracting, and its latest projection is for the recession to continue through the first half of 2024 “as high energy prices and materially tighter financial conditions weigh on spending.”
央行认为，经济产出已经在收缩。其最新预测是，经济衰退将持续到2024年上半年，“因为高能源价格和实质性紧缩的金融情况对支出造成了压力”
Compared to past UK recessions, gross domestic product is forecast to remain weak compared to pre-recession levels for a “prolonged” period, Bailey said.
贝利表示，与过去的英国经济衰退相比，预计国内生产总值（GDP）将在“较长”一段时间内保持低于经济衰退前的水平。
A two-year recession would be longer than the one that followed the 2008 global financial crisis, though the Bank of England said that any declines in GDP heading into 2024 would likely be relatively small.
尽管英国央行表示，GDP进入2024年的下降幅度可能相对较小，但两年的经济衰退将比2008年全球金融危机之后的衰退更长。
The British pound fell sharply after the announcement, dropping 2% against the US dollar to $1.117. It also dropped 1.2% against the euro.
消息公布后，英镑大幅下跌，兑美元下跌2%，至1.117美元。兑欧元也下跌1.2%。
Since the Bank of England’s last meeting, UK financial markets have been through a period of unprecedented turbulence and the outlook for the economy has deteriorated.
自英国央行上次会议以来，英国金融市场经历了前所未有的动荡，经济前景恶化。
①turbulence
英 [ˈtɜːbjələns] 美 [ˈtɜːrbjələns]
n.动荡;骚乱;*乱动**
②deteriorate
英 [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt] 美 [dɪˈtɪriəreɪt]
v.变坏;恶化;退化
Central bank policymakers are now waiting for the government’s budget announcement on November 17 for more details on spending plans and tax policies, which could influence what happens to inflation next year.
央行政策制定者现在正在等待政府11月17日公布的预算，以了解更多有关支出计划和税收政策的细节，这可能会影响明年的通胀情况。
Despite recent turmoil in the bond market, the Bank of England pushed ahead this week with plans to shrink its balance sheet, selling £750 million ($859 million) of short-term government debt on Tuesday. In a sign of renewed confidence in the United Kingdom, investors placed about £2.45 billion ($2.8 billion) worth of bids for the bonds, Reuters reported.
尽管近期债券市场动荡，英国央行本周仍推进了缩减资产负债表的计划，周二出售了7.5亿英镑（8.59亿美元）的短期政府债券。据路透社报道，投资者对英国债券进行了价值约24.5亿英镑（28亿美元）的竞标，这表明对英国的信心有所恢复。
①turmoil
英 [ˈtɜːmɔɪl] 美 [ˈtɜːrmɔɪl]
n.*乱动**;混乱;骚动
②bond market
英 [bɒnd ˈmɑːkɪt] 美 [bɑːnd ˈmɑːrkɪt]
债券市场
③shrink
英 [ʃrɪŋk] 美 [ʃrɪŋk]
v.收缩;退缩;畏缩
④balance sheet
英 [ˈbæləns ʃiːt] 美 [ˈbæləns ʃiːt]
n.资产负债表
翻译：老戴
编辑：老张
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