新概念英语第三册lesson 13终点词汇,句型,语法,难句解析课文翻译
Lesson 13 “It's only me”
一、重点词汇拓展解析【New words and expressions】
1. consist v. 由……组成
consist of...(表示被动概念）
= be made up of
= comprise……整体由部分所构成
be composed of ---强调有什么成分所组成
Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen
constitute ---- 由部分构成整体
G.B and Northern Ireland constitute The United Kingdom.
The committee consists of 10 members.
=Ten members constitute the committee.
Our class consists of 100 students.
=Our class is made up of more than 100 students.
The United Kingdom consists of G.B and Northern Ireland.
=The United Kingdom comprises G.B and Northern Ireland.
The house consists of six rooms.
2. effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的
e.g. His words were effective.
近义词辨析拓展:
influential: 有潜移默化影响力的
What our parents do is influential to children.
efficacious: (医药）有效的，灵验的
The drug is efficaious
fruitful: 有成效的
Their experiment is fruitful.
3. comfortable adj. 舒适的
词汇辨析拓展:
反义词：uncomfortable
comfort:(n)舒适 (a.)安慰
discomfort:(n.)不舒适e.g.
In spite of discomforts he is determined to stay here.
4. flee (fled, fled) v. 逃走
flee:(vt./vi.)(总称）泛泛强调逃离危险的禁地
escape: 逃出监狱，逃出牢笼
(vt.)逃掉，逃出
The people fled in panic when the bull got loose.
He was able to escape from the house.
I am sorry your name escaped me.
They tried to escape death.
5. slam v. 砰地关上
slam the door
同义词拓展：bang
6. knock发出响声；敲，击，打
A. knock发出响声to repeatedly hit something, producing a noise （反复地）敲，击，打
She knocked on the window to attract his attention.她敲敲窗想引起他的注意。
There's someone knocking on/at the door.有人在敲门。
Please knock before entering.进来前请先敲门。
B. to hit, especially forcefully, and cause to move or fall碰，撞；碰倒；撞倒
He accidentally knocked the vase off the table.: 他不小心把花瓶碰下了桌子。
She knocked her head against the wall as she fell.她跌倒时头撞在墙上。
Who knocked over that mug of coffee?谁打翻了那杯咖啡？
C. knock+ obj + adj
Some thug knocked him unconscious/senseless.有个恶棍把他打昏了。
She took a hammer and knocked a hole in the wall.她拿锤子在墙上砸了一个洞。
D. knock习惯搭配:
★be knocking (on) 60/70, etc. informalto have almost reached a particular, usually old, age 快60／70岁等（通常指高龄）
She was knocking on 80 when she died.她去世时快80岁了。
★knock sb's block off 要把（某人）揍扁，要痛打（某人）
I'll knock his block off if he tries anything with me!要是他敢对我怎么样，我会让他好看！★knock (some) sense into sb 让（某人）懂道理
A couple of years in the army will knock some sense into him.在部队里呆上几年会让他懂些道理。
★knock sb sideways/for six UK informal to shock or upset someone very much, or to make someone very ill使（某人）惊呆；使（某人）大病一场
That flu really knocked me sideways.那次流感使我大病一场。
The news of his death knocked me for six.他的死讯令我震惊。
★knocked sb back sth , knocked sb back sth to cost someone a large amount of money让（某人）花费（一大笔钱）
I bet that computer knocked you back a few thousand.我敢说那台电脑花了你几千块钱。
★knocked sb down , （驾车）撞倒（某人）
She was knocked down by a bus.
重点语法分析:
形容词＋动词不定式
He was delighted to learn that...
I was glad to hear that...
He was anxious to leave...
感情形容词后的不定式通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语
happy; relieved; astonished; amazed; surprised; horrified;
disappointed; sad; embarrassed; shocked
He was frightened when he saw the snake
He was frightened to see the snake.
I was sorry when I learnt that...
I was sorry to learn that...
不定式也可以放在表语之后，主语是不定式的实际宾语
The car is hard to park
Some questions are awkward to answer.
在少数几个动词后，可用作结果不定式
learn; find; see; hear; be told
He lived to see his inventions come to success.
He woke up to find everyone gone.
He went to his house only to find him out.
在不定式前加only，表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果
He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut(closed)
What are the temperature readings for the week?
take a meter-reading 读电表上的数字
measurement 测量尺寸、大小调节稳定
What's your waist measurement?
regulation 调节；regulation of body heat体温调节
二、重点句型、语法、难句解析
1. After her husband had gone to work Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. 理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后，把孩子送去上学，然后来到楼上自己的卧室。
2. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. 那天上午，她兴奋得什么家务活都不想做，因为晚上她要同丈夫一起参加一个化装舞会。
【课文讲解】
too ... to：太...而不能， 不定式to,在大部分情况下，表示否定概念
not/ never too ... to: 并不太...所以能够
One is never too old to learn 活到老，学到老。
The question is not too difficult for me to answer.
如果在副词too前发现修饰语all, but, only,不定式to的概念也是肯定的。
They are all too satisfied to work with you.
I am only too glad to have someone to speak to.
He was but too eager to get home.
3. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. 她打算装扮成鬼的模样。头天晚上她已把化装服做好，这时她急于想试试。
【知识点讲解】
A. intended to = mean to:有什么打算，意图
B. dress up as: 化妆成为
C. the night before: 前一个晚上（以过去的某一个时间为基准点),last night: 昨天晚上（以现在为基准点）
she went to New York on business three days ago, the night before she got everything ready.
D. be impatient to do sth. 急于要做某事, 迫不及待做某事
impatient可以换为eager, anxious, hungry, thirsty, desperate（adj.不顾一切的, 拼死的）, can't wait to (口语)
She was impatient (eager, anxious) to try it on. （try on 试穿）
4. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective.
"由...所组成": consist of, 本身表达被动概念，结构形式为主动
consist v. 由……组成
consist of...(表示被动概念）The house consists of six rooms.
= be made up of
= comprise……整体由部分所构成
be composed of ---强调有什么成分所组成e.g.
Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen
constitute ---- 由部分构成整体
G.B and Northern Ireland constitute The United Kingdom.
The committee consists of 10 members.= Ten members constitute the committee.
Our class consists of 100 students.=Our class is made up of more than 100 students.
The United Kingdom consists of G.B and Northern Ireland.= The United Kingdom comprises G.B and Northern Ireland.
5. Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. 理查兹夫人刚刚走进餐厅，前门就传来敲门声。她知道来了一定面包师。
was entering the dining room==was going into the dining room
There was a knock on the front door. ==Sb.was knocking on/ at the door
knock常词易错: 请查阅重点词汇专项讲解
6. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. 她曾告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可直接进门，把面包放在厨房的桌上。
【知识点讲解】
come in :进来straight: 直接地，径直地
if even --- ever 用于条件句，表示任何时候，任何场合＝when ever
If ever you see George give him my best regards.
When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot.
7. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. 理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜人，便赶紧躲到了楼梯下的小储藏室里。
【重点知识点讲解】
A. Not wanting ……分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语多用于句首；也可插入句中，主谓之间
Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of condition.= The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.
"需要......＂被动概念，常用：
need, want，require和动名词形式直接搭配
The machine needs repairing.
The room needs cleaning.
B. 介词under有时表达被动的意味，重点必须强调
The house is under construction
The puma is under control
The problem is under discussion
The thief is under arrest.
8. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. 她听见前门被打开，走廊里响起重重的脚步声。突然贮藏门开了，一个男人走了进来。
9. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter.理查兹夫人这才想到一定是供电局来人查电表了。
【知识点讲解】read the meter; 查电表
10. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. 她说了声“是我，别怕！”然后想进行一番解释，但已来不及了。那人大叫了一声，惊退了几步。
【知识点讲解】saying……现在分词做伴随状语
let out a cry: 大叫了一声＝give a cry近义词语拓展:
let out 发出；
give shout 高呼，高喊；有目的的
shout to sb. 对某人高声喊
shout at sb.对某人大喊大叫 Don't shout at the elders.
11. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.理查兹夫人朝他走去，只见他“砰”的一声关上门逃走了。
【知识点讲解】 slamming……现在分词作方式状语或伴随状语，说明fled的情况
12. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.尽管化装服仅由一个被单制成，却十分逼真。理查兹夫人穿上化装服后下了楼，想看穿起来是否舒服。
【知识点讲解】
动词不定式to wear,用来修饰说明comfortable,作它的状语。动词不高频考点特别注意: 定式后置做形容词状语时，该不定式与句子的主语形成动宾结构关系，但不能用动词不定式的被动式。
例如:
The book is difficult to read.
The dress is easy to wash.
Your handwriting is easy to recognize.
These sentences are difficult to understand.
It would be comfortable (for her) to wear.
It is easy for me to read.
She wanted to know whether that costume was comfortable to wear.
主动形式——表达被动概念e.g.
The music is sweet to hear.
四、课文翻译参考Lesson13 It’s only me
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man entered. Mrs Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to explain the situation, saying' It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.
理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后，把孩子送去上学，然后来到楼上自己的卧室。那天上午，她兴奋得什么家务活都不想做，因为晚上她要同丈夫一起参加一个化装舞会。她打算装扮成鬼的模样。头天晚上她已把化装服做好，这时她急于想试试。尽管化装服仅由一个被单制成，却十分逼真。理查兹夫人穿上化装服后下了楼，想看穿起来是否舒服。
理查兹夫人刚刚走进餐厅，前门就传来敲门声。她知道来了一定面包师。她曾告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可直接进门，把面包放在厨房的桌上。理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜人，便赶紧躲到了楼梯下的小储藏室里。她听见前门被打开，走廊里响起重重的脚步声。突然贮藏门开了，一个男人走了进来。理查兹夫人这才想到一定是供电局来人查电表了。她说了声“是我，别怕！”然后想进行一番解释，但已来不及了。那人大叫了一声，惊退了几步。理查兹夫人朝他走去，只见他“砰”的一声关上门逃走了。