that 引导的几种从句 东联中学 张利平
that 引导的九种类型的从句
从上面的图中我们可以看到 that 能够引导九种类型的从句，那么在文章中，究竟如何快速准确判断出它所引导的是什么从句呢？下面我们通过一些例句来分析一下：
1. That the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors is a pity .
=It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
2. Now I know that the proper way is always her way.
3. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.
4. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.
5. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the
以上五个例子中，
例1中的 that 从句在句首放在系动词 is 前，是主语从句。（当主语从句较长而谓语部分较短时，我们常用it 来做形式主语，而把主语从句放到句未去）；
例2中的that 从句放在谓语动词know vt. 后，是宾语从句。
例3中的 that 从句放在谓语动词(双宾 动词 told）后，前有间接宾语 her，所以是直接宾语从句。
例4中的 that 从句放在系动词is 后面，是表语从句。
例5中的 that 从句放在名词doubt 后，且说明名词的内容（把doubt 代入从句中，无成份可担）所以是同位语从句。
6. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday. The reason is that he was ill. (比较：That was because he was ill.)
例6中 that 从句在系动词后，为表语从句。此句中说明原因，比较后一句，用because，而此句用that 是因为其主语是 the reason 时，习惯上表语从句用that 引导。
7. It seemed that the water was to blame.
It appears that the is an honest man.
It proved that the following day was a fine day.
It happened that I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
例7中的that 从句是一个较为有争议的从句，有的语法家认为是主语从句， 前面的 it 是形式主语，如果是这样，系动词：seem(看起来), appear(看上去), prove(证明是), happen(碰巧)后没有表语了，不符合语法；有宾语法家认为是表语从句，如果是这样，前面的 it 又没有指代对象，也不完美。所以我们就把他们当成一个固定句型应用就好了。
8. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.
9. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English (that) we spoke today.
比较：The thought (that they could cross the whole continent) was exciting.
例8，9中的 that 从句放名词 the river, the English 后面，且river 在从句中做主语，English 在从句中做spoke的宾语，所以是定语从句。比较下一句中 that 从句放在名词 the thought 后, 但 thought 在从句中没有成份可担，故为同位语从句。
10. Only athletes that/ who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors
例10中 that 引导的从句放在表示“人”的名词后，且在从句中做主语，为定语从句。（that 引导定语从句可修饰表示“人”的先行词，也可用who代替）
11. Her work changed the way (that=in which) people think about chimps that brought you to England.
例11中的 that 从句放在名词 the way 后，且在从句中做方式状，为定语从句。（that 引导定语从句修饰表示方式的名词 way，且way 在从句中做方式状语，因此that 此处为关系副词，可用 in which代替。）
12. This is the last time that I will give a lesson.
例12中的 that从句放在名词 the last time 后，且time在从句中做时间状语，为定语从句。（that 引导定语从句修饰the last/first... time ，且time 在从句中做时间状语，习惯上不用关系副词 when，而用that。）
13. I’m afraid (that)I don’t quite follow you, sir.
例13中的 that 从句在形容词 afraid 后做原因状语。在 be sure, be afraid, be happy 等形容词后常跟that 从句。从意义上相当于宾语从句。所以有的语法书上把它们归纳为，形容词的宾语从句。
14. The teacher spoke loud in class that the students could hear him clearly.
例14中的that 从句为目的状从句。意思是：“老师在课上大声讲课，为了能让学生听清楚他。“ 也可用：so that, in order that 加强语气。目的状语是主句主语想要实现的目标，还未造成事实，故用情态动词。属于虚拟语气。
15. The teacher spoke so loud in class that the students heard him clearly.
例15中 that 从句为结果状语从句。意思是：”老师在课上讲课声音很高，以致于学生们都听得很清楚。“ 结果状语说明主句所造成的结果是事实，故不可用情态动词。
16. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with…
17. Was it the ship that brought you to England?
例16，17中 It is/was ... that ...是强调结构，其中17句为强调结构的问句。
这里是 that所能够引导的从句的总结和在句中如何快速判断出它们是什么从句的一些方法。你还遇到过没有归纳到这里的that 从句吗？请提供出来，我们一起分享一下。谢谢！
