简单的主谓宾结构
翻译 1：经常做运动会提高人的自信
句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence)
正确的句子：Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence.
错误的句子：Exercise regularly can rise one's confidence.
错误 1 Exercise 如果这里是动词，应该用动名词，如果是名词，不能用副词修饰
错误 2 rise 不及物动词
定语从句扩充：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。
Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly.
注： 不可以说“regular doing exercise”，因为形容词 regular 不可以修饰 doing
翻译 2：教学的质量对学生成绩有很大的影响。
句子结构：主谓宾
正确的句子：The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’ academic performance.
错误的句子 ：Teaching qualities are important to students improve academic performance
错误 1 quality 表示质量的时候不可数
错误 2 to 是介词，后面不用加句子
并列句拓展：教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键，因此，家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。（prestigious schools 名校）
The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’ academic performance. and therefore, parents prefer to choose prestigious schools(名校) for children.
翻译 3：家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。
句子结构：主语（parents and teachers）+及物动词(make)+宾语(effort)
正确的句子：parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children’s screen time.
screen time （看电视、打游戏或电子设备的）屏幕使用时间
错误的句子：parents and teachers should do their efforts to curb the time of watching TV on children.
make an effort to 固定表达
curb 一般是抑制某种行为，而不是接 time.
错误 3 “watching TV on children”也不通。
拓展的句子：家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。
Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children's screen time, thereby protecting children's eyesight and encouraging them to do more outdoor activities.
注：这句话的分词最好不要改成定语从句，因为前面不知道是修饰“screen time”还是 “limit screen time”
thereby + 名词 adv. 从而，因此；在那附近；在那方面
outdoor activity 户外活动，室外活动
翻译 4：经济的下滑（economic slowdown）导致失业率的上升
句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语
正确的句子：Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate.
错误的句子：Economic slowdown made the climbing unemployment rate.
不要用过去时
用不定冠词好一点，因为正在上升的失业率一般不可能是唯一的。
拓展的句子：经济下滑已经导致失业率上升，因为雇主打算裁员而且拒绝雇用新员工。(cut overheads 削减开销)
Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate because employers intend to cut overheads and refuse to recruit new employees.
中文翻译：经济下滑已经导致失业率上升，因为人们对开展新失业犹豫不决，而且很多大公司裁员。(balk at 犹豫不决; start up 启动；downsize their workforce 裁员)
Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate, as people balk at starting up new businesses and a number of giant companies downsize their workforce.
翻译 5：经济的发展需要年轻的劳动者（ relies on）
句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语
正确的句子：A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers
错误的句子：The economic development requires a great number of fresh working forces
错误 1 working force 没有这个表达
分句扩充，“the problem is that”是表语从句
A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers, but the problem is that the aging society has an adverse impact on the labour force.
中文翻译：一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力，但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。
has an adverse impact on 有不利影响
翻译 6：工作很多的人没有时间去休息（adequate time）
句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语
正确的句子：People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest .
错误的句子：People do with heavy workload cannot have adequate times to rest and recharge batteries
错误 1 do 不知道功能是干嘛的。
错误 2 time 不可数
错误 5 cannot 是表示不可能，这里应该是 do not
“have adequate time to rest”不定式充当 time 的后置定语 用定语从句扩充
中文翻译：工作很多的人没有足够的时间去休息和充电，这样对他们的健康有害。
People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest, which can be harmful to their fitness.
翻译 7: 在中国，很多学生晚上都要自习（do self-study）
句子结构： 主语+及物动词+ 宾语
正确的句子：A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night.
错误的句子：Large number of students in China have to study at night.
错误 1 “a large number of ” 固定搭配
用状语从句来扩充
中文翻译：在中国，许多学生都要在晚上自学，所以课外活动不得不给学习让路。（extra-curricular activities）
A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night, so extra-curricular activities have to give way to studies.
翻译 8: heritage sites 因为城市发展而受到威胁
句子的结构: 主语（development）+ 及物动词(pose)+ 宾语(threat)
正确的句子：The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites.
错误的句子：The development of cities have pose a threat on heritage sites.
错误 1 have pose 动词错误而且主谓不一致
错误 2 pose a threat to 固定搭配
用并列句扩充
The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites, but the government has no idea whether to protect or demolish these constructions.
中文翻译：城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹，但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。
翻译 9：我们不能够忽视面对面的交流
句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+宾语（communication）
正确的句子：We should not ignore face-to-face communication.
错误的句子：It cannot be ignored by people to have some face-to-face communication.
错误 1 it 指代不清楚
错误 2 “to have face-to-face communication”不定式一般是表示没有发生而有可能发生的事情。
用状语从句扩充
We should not ignore face-to-face communication because this has a direct impact on social relationships.
用并列句扩充
Internet can enrich our social lives, but we should not ignore face-to-face communication, because this has a direct impact on social relationships.
中文翻译：网络能够丰富我们的生活，但是我们不应该忽视面对面的交流因为它对社会关系有直接影响。
翻译:10：有些公共服务很难收支平衡（breaking even）
句子结构： 主语+ 及物动词(have)+ 宾语(problems)
正确的句子：Some public services have problems in breaking even.
错误的句子：Some public services have problems in break even.
错误 1 break 是动词，在这里 in 是介词，后面应该加动名词
用并列句扩充
Some public services have problems in breaking even and need government funds.
中文翻译：一些公共服务很难收支平衡，需要政府资金。
翻译 11：我们需要考虑社会和经济的环境（context）
句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语
正确的句子：We have to consider the social and economic context.
错误的句子：We have to consider about social and economic context.
错误 1 consider 及物动词，后面不需要加介词
用分词结构扩充
We have to consider the social and economic context when analysing the root causes of juvenile delinquency.
中文翻译：当分析青少年犯罪的根本原因的时候，我们应该考虑社会和经济环境。
翻译 12：密度种植对生物多样性造成了威胁
句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语（threat）
正确的句子：Intensive farming can pose a threat to bio-diversity.
错误的句子：Intensive farming poses a threat to stemming the lose of bio-diversity.
错误 1 pose a threat to stemming the loss of bio-diversity， 太罗嗦了。
错误 2 lose 是动词，OF 前后一般要有名词
用并列句扩充
中文翻译：密集种植对野生植物有巨大影响，对物种多样性有巨大威胁。
Intensive farming has a great impact on natural flora and can pose a threat to bio-diversity.
其他选择
中文翻译：密集种植对天然植物有严重的负面影响，这可能对农业的可持续发展有威胁。
Intensive farming has a seriously negative impact on natural flora, and this may pose a threat to sustainable development of agriculture.
翻译 13：平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好（Equal access to education，educational underachievement）
句子的结构：主语+ 及物动词（help）+ 宾语（to tackle ….这里省略了 to）
正确的句子：Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement.
错误的句子：Equal access to education can overcome educational underachievement.
错误 1 overcome educational underachievement 搭配不好 ；“educational underachievement” 是指学生成绩不好的意思。
用定语从句扩充
中文翻译：当地政府应该保证平等教育，这样能够帮助落后学生去解决学习的落后。
Local authorities should ensure equal access to education, which can help tackle educational underachievement, a problem found among disadvantaged children.
a problem 在这里是个同位语，指代前面的“educational underachievement”；而“found among disadvantaged children” 过去分词，充当定语。
翻译 14：接触不同的文化可以促进创新（exposure to sth 暴露）
句子的结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语
正确的句子：Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity.
错误的句子：Contacting with a wide variety of cultures can promote the creativity of native culture.
错误 1 Contacting with 中国式英文
错误 2 native culture 别扭，不知道为什么要说本土文化
用定语从句扩充
中文翻译：接触不同的文化能够促进创新，这是企业或者国家的财富。
Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity, which is an asset for enterprises or countries.
翻译 15：政府应该重视社会福利(welfare services)，尤其是医疗服务。（give priority to 优先考虑）
句子的结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语
正确的句子：The government should give priority to welfare services, especially the healthcare.
错误的句子：The government should give a priority to social welfare, especially the healthcare
错误 1 give priority to 没有 a
用名词性从句，定语从句扩充
Some people suggest that the government should give priority to welfare services, especially the healthcare, which helps stop the disadvantaged population dying needlessly.
中文翻译：一些人认为政府重视社会福利，尤其是医疗服务，这会帮助阻止弱势群体无助地死去。
翻译 16：教育或许决定了人的工作机会。（job prospect）
句子结构：主语（education）+及物动词 hold)+宾语(the key)
正确的句子：Education may hold the key to one’s job prospect.
错误的句子： Education may do hold the key to one’s job prospect.
错误：may 和 do 不能连用。
用状语从句扩充
Education may hold the key to one’s job prospect, especially when people intend to find jobs in the hi-tech industry.
翻译 17：使用化石资源对环境会造成破坏。
句子结构：主语(use）+及物动词(can cause)+宾语(damage)
正确的句子：The use of fossil fuels can cause damage to the environment.
错误的句子：Use fossil fuels can cause damage to the environmental problem .
错误：USE 是动词，不能作为主语。
拓展的句子：可以使用状语从句
The use of fossil fuels can cause damage to the environment, possibly because it creates air pollution.
翻译 18：建造住宅楼有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。（apartment blocks）
句子结构：主语+及物动词(helps)+宾语(solve overcrowding， 省略了 to, 本来是不定式 to solve overcrowding)
正确的句子：Building apartment blocks helps solve overcrowding in cities.
错误的句子：Building apartment blocks contribute to solve the crowed problem in cities
错误 1 building 是动名词，主谓不一致
错误 2 contribute to 后面要加名词，而不是动词原形
错误 3 crowed problem 没有这个表达
拓展的句子
中文翻译：住宅楼由于其能最大限度地利用土地和空间，所以有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。
正确的句子：Apartment blocks, which make the most of land and space, help solve overcrowding in cities.
翻译 19：贫穷的人可以通过努力工作来提高社会地位。（disadvantaged，by backgrounds ）
句子结构: 主语（people）+ 及物动词 (improve)+ 宾语 (status)， “from disadvantaged backgrounds”是 people 的定语
正确的句子：People from disadvantaged backgrounds can improve their social status by working hard.
错误的句子：People at disadvantage are likely to improve their social status by working hard, studying hard.
错误 1 at disadvantage 没有这个表达
错误 2 working hard, studying hard 没有连词
用并列句扩展
people from disadvantaged backgrounds can improve their social status by working hard and this seems an arduous but rewarding process.
中文翻译：贫穷的人可以通过努力工作来提高社会地位，这看起来是一个辛苦但有效的过程。
翻译 20：因为全球化，人们需要和来自不同背景的人工作。（with those，diverse backgrounds ）
句子结构: 主语(people)+ 及物动词（need）+ 宾语(to work)，“because of globalisation” 介宾短语充当状语
正确的句子：Because of globalisation, people need to work with those from diverse backgrounds.
注：这里的 those 就是其他人的意思，不能说 those people，这样会和主语重复。
错误的句子：Because of the globalisation, people should work with others who comes from different backgrounds.
the globalization 的 the 比较多余
错误 2 who comes from 没有必要用定语从句
错误 3 should 有点过分了，“必须”的意思
翻译 21：我们需要采取措施去解决一些棘手的问题。（take action， intractable problems）
句子结构：主语 （we）+及物动词(need)+宾语(to take ….)
正确的句子： We need to take action to solve some intractable problems.
错误的句子：We must take measurement to tackle thorny problems.
错误 measurement 的意思是测量
翻译 22：媒体通过夸大受害者的伤痛去吸引观众。（ sensationalising victims’ suffering）
句子结构：主语（the media）+及物动词 (attracts)+宾语 (attention)；“by+ …”方式状语
正确的句子：The media attract public attention by sensationalising victims’ suffering.
错误的句子 ：Medias exaggerate the hurt of victims to attract public attentions.
错误 1：Media 本身就是复数。
错误 2：hurt 是动词，OF 前后要加名词。
错误 3：attentions 不可数名词。
拓展的句子
中文翻译：媒体通过夸大受害者的伤痛去吸引观众，而忽视对这些观众的有害结果，比如将他们在公众面前曝光。
正确的句子：The media attracts public attention by sensationalising victims’ suffering, while ignoring harmful consequences to these individuals, such as their exposure to the public.
拓展的句子：The media attract public attention by sensationalising victims’ suffering, while ignore harmful consequences bring to them, such as their exposure to the public.
错误 1： while 是从属连词，后面不能直接加动词原形。
错误 2 ignore 和 bring 两个动词。
错误 3 them 指代不清楚