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使用mysql实现数据备份 (mysql备份脚本)

🏷️ 波波说运维 ✍️ 广州中软信息技术有限公司实施顾问 📅 2026-03-15T20:59:59+00:00

概述

其实主要是为了偷懒，所以就搞了一个自动编写MySQL数据库备份脚本，每次写备份脚本传参就可以了，仅供参考。

1、MySQL备份模板（上传到*载下**平台）

#!/bin/bash
#################################
# copyright by hwb
# DATE:2020-12-03
# 用途：MYSQL备份模板
#################################

#定义
db_host=localhost
db_port=3306
db_name=mysql_prod 
db_user=root
db_pwd=password
backup_path="/data/backup"

# view,function,procedure,event,trigger
output_type='view,function,procedure,event,trigger' 
today=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
data_file=$backup_path/$db_name$today.sql
object_file="${backup_path}/obj_${db_name}$today.sql"
log_file="/home/scripts/mysql_backup.log"
mysql_cmd="mysql -u${db_user} -p${db_pwd} -h${db_host} -P${db_port} "
mysqldump_cmd="mysqldump -u${db_user} -p${db_pwd} -h${db_host} -P${db_port} $db_name "


#调用函数库
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && source /etc/init.d/functions
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
source /etc/profile

#Require root to run this script.
[ $(id -u) -gt 0 ] && echo "请用root用户执行此脚本！" && exit 1


[ -d $backup_path ] || mkdir -p $backup_path


#[ ! -n "$5" ] && echo -e "\033[31m Usage: $0 IP 端口 实例名 用户名 '密码'  \033[0m" && exit 1


function mysql_backup() 
{
  echo ""
  echo -e "\033[33m***********************************************mysql数据库备份****************************************************\033[0m" 
  
  echo -e "\033[36m**************备份数据库数据到$data_file**************\033[0m"
  #A partial dump from a server that has GTIDs will by default include the GTIDs of all transactions, even those that changed suppressed parts of the database. If you don't want to restore GTIDs, pass --set-gtid-purged=OFF. To make a complete dump, pass --all-databases --triggers --routines --events
  $mysqldump_cmd --single_transaction -R -E --flush-logs --master-data=2 --set-gtid-purged=OFF > $data_file
  
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    action "[$today]>>>完成数据库${db_name}数据备份" /bin/true
	echo "[$today]>>>完成数据库${db_name}数据备份" >> ${log_file}
  else 
    action "[$today]>>>数据库${db_name}备份失败，请检查相关配置！" /bin/false
	echo "[$today]>>>数据库${db_name}备份失败，请检查相关配置！" >> ${log_file}
	exit 1
  fi
  
  
  echo -e "\033[36m*******备份${db_name}函数、视图等定义到$object_file***********\033[0m"
  cat > $object_file<<EOF
ouput object‘s definition for database "$db_name"
ouput time: $(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
ouput object type: $output_type
EOF
  echo "">> $object_file
  echo "">> $object_file
 
  # 视图
  if [[ $output_type == *"view"* ]]
  then
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	echo "-- views" >> $object_file
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	#让 MySQL不输出列名 可以用-N 或者--skip-column-names参数
	$mysql_cmd  --skip-column-names \
	-e "select concat('SHOW CREATE VIEW ',table_schema,'.',table_name,';') from information_schema.views where table_schema='$db_name'" |\
	sed 's/;/\\G/g' | $mysql_cmd $db_name |\
	sed 's/Create View: /kk_begin\n/g' | sed 's/[ ]*character_set_client:/;\nkk_end/g' |\
	sed -n '/kk_begin/{:a;N;/kk_end/!ba;s/.*kk_begin\|kk_end.*//g;p}'  >> $object_file
  fi
 
  # 函数
  if [[ $output_type == *"function"* ]]
  then
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	echo "-- function" >> $object_file
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	$mysql_cmd --skip-column-names \
	-e "select concat('SHOW CREATE FUNCTION ',routine_schema,'.',routine_name,';') from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='$db_name' and ROUTINE_TYPE='FUNCTION'" |\
	sed 's/;/\\G/g' | $mysql_cmd $db_name |\
	sed 's/Create Function: /kk_begin\ndelimiter $\n/g' | sed 's/[ ]*character_set_client:/$ \ndelimiter ;\nkk_end/g' |\
	sed -n '/kk_begin/{:a;N;/kk_end/!ba;s/.*kk_begin\|kk_end.*//g;p}' >> $object_file
  fi
 
  # 存储过程
  if [[ $output_type == *"procedure"* ]]
  then
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	echo "-- procedure" >> $object_file
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	$mysql_cmd --skip-column-names \
	-e "select concat('SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE ',routine_schema,'.',routine_name,';') from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='$db_name' and ROUTINE_TYPE='PROCEDURE'" |\
	sed 's/;/\\G/g' | $mysql_cmd  $db_name |\
	sed 's/Create Procedure: /kk_begin\ndelimiter $\n/g' | sed 's/[ ]*character_set_client:/$ \ndelimiter ;\nkk_end/g' |\
	sed -n '/kk_begin/{:a;N;/kk_end/!ba;s/.*kk_begin\|kk_end.*//g;p}' >> $object_file
  fi
 
  # 事件
  if [[ $output_type == *"event"* ]]
  then
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	echo "-- event" >> $object_file
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	$mysql_cmd --skip-column-names \
	-e "select concat('SHOW CREATE EVENT ',EVENT_SCHEMA,'.',EVENT_NAME,';') from information_schema.events where EVENT_SCHEMA='$db_name'" |\
	sed 's/;/\\G/g' | $mysql_cmd |\
	sed 's/Create Event: /kk_begin\ndelimiter $\n/g' | sed 's/[ ]*character_set_client:/$ \ndelimiter ;\nkk_end/g' |\
	sed -n '/kk_begin/{:a;N;/kk_end/!ba;s/.*kk_begin\|kk_end.*//g;p}' >> $object_file
  fi
 
  # 触发器
  if [[ $output_type == *"trigger"* ]]
  then
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	echo "-- trigger" >> $object_file
	echo "-- ------------------------------------------------------------" >> $object_file
	$mysql_cmd --skip-column-names \
	-e "select concat('SHOW CREATE TRIGGER ',TRIGGER_SCHEMA,'.',TRIGGER_NAME,';') from information_schema.triggers where TRIGGER_SCHEMA='$db_name';" |\
	sed 's/;/\\G/g' | $mysql_cmd $db_name|\
	sed 's/SQL Original Statement: /kk_begin\ndelimiter $\n/g' | sed 's/[ ]*character_set_client:/$ \ndelimiter ;\nkk_end/g' |\
	sed -n '/kk_begin/{:a;N;/kk_end/!ba;s/.*kk_begin\|kk_end.*//g;p}' >> $object_file
  fi
 
  # ^M, you need to type CTRL-V and then CTRL-M
  sed -i "s/\^M//g" $object_file

  #清理过期备份
  find ${backup_path}  -mtime +10  -type f -name '*.sql' -exec rm -f {} \;
  
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    action "[$today]>>>完成数据库${db_name}过期备份清理" /bin/true
	echo "[$today]>>>完成数据库${db_name}过期备份清理" >> ${log_file}
  else 
    action "[$today]>>>数据库${db_name}过期备份清理失败，请检查相关配置！" /bin/false
	echo "[$today]>>>数据库${db_name}过期备份清理失败，请检查相关配置！" >> ${log_file}
	exit 1
  fi
  
  echo -e "\033[33m**********************************************完成${db_name}数据库备份**********************************************\033[0m"
cat > /tmp/mysql_backup.log  << EOF
mysql地址：${db_host}
mysql端口：${db_port}
mysql实例名：${db_name}
数据备份文件：${data_file}
定义备份文件：${object_file}
EOF
  cat /tmp/mysql_backup.log
  echo -e "\e[1;31m 以上信息保存在/tmp/mysql_backup.log文件下 \e[0m"
  echo -e "\033[33m*******************************************************************************************************************\033[0m"
  echo ""
}


mysql_backup

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2、自动编写MySQL数据库备份脚本

#!/bin/bash
###################################################################
# copyright by hwb
# DATE: 2020-12-04
# 用途：自动编写MySQL备份脚本
###################################################################

#脚本外变量
mysql_path="/home/scripts"
script_name="mysql_backup.sh"
mysql_date=`date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S"`
#脚本内变量
db_host="localhost"
db_port="53306"
db_name="dbname" 
db_user="root"
db_pwd="xxxx"
backup_path="/data/backup"
bk_backup_path=`echo $backup_path | sed 's:\/:\\\/:g'`
bk_db_pwd=`echo $db_pwd | sed 's:\/:\\\/:g'`

#调用函数库
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && source /etc/init.d/functions
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
source /etc/profile


#root用户执行脚本
[ $(id -u) -gt 0 ] && echo "请用root用户执行此脚本！" && exit 1


#判断目录是否存在
[ -d $mysql_path ] || mkdir -p $mysql_path
[ -d $backup_path ] || echo "mysql数据库备份目录[$backup_path]不存在，请确认参数是否正确！"
[ -d $backup_path ] || exit 1


function bk_mysqlbackup(){
  echo ""
  echo -e "\033[33m**************************自动配置mysql数据库备份脚本[$mysql_path/$script_name]**************************\033[0m"
  echo ""
  echo -e "\033[36m Usage: $0   \033[0m"
  echo ""
  
  [ -f $mysql_path/$script_name ] && echo "${mysql_path}已存在脚本[${script_name}],请检查相关配置！" && exit 1

  wget https://app.fslgz.com/portal/api/public/fs/association/file/downLoad?uploadId=784001405093478400 -O /opt/mysql_backup_template.sh
  mv /opt/mysql_backup_template.sh  $mysql_path/$script_name
  
  #处理windows传linux的脚本格式问题(注意空格位置不能多不能少)
  vi +':w ++ff=unix' +':q' ${mysql_path}/${script_name}
  
  sed  -i "s/localhost/${db_host}/g" $mysql_path/$script_name
  sed  -i "s/3306/${db_port}/g" $mysql_path/$script_name
  sed  -i "s/mysql_prod/${db_name}/g" $mysql_path/$script_name
  sed  -i "s/root/${db_user}/g" $mysql_path/$script_name
  sed  -i "s/password/${bk_db_pwd}/g" $mysql_path/$script_name
  sed  -i "s#\/data\/backup#${bk_backup_path}#g" $mysql_path/$script_name

  action "完成mysql备份脚本[$mysql_path/$script_name]编写！" /bin/true
  chmod u+x $mysql_path/$script_name
  
  #配置定时任务
  echo "30 11 * * * /bin/bash  ${mysql_path}/${script_name} " >> /var/spool/cron/root
  
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    echo ""
    action "[$mysql_date]>>>完成数据库备份定时任务配置" /bin/true
  else 
    echo ""
    action "[$mysql_date]>>>定时任务配置失败，请检查相关配置！" /bin/false
  fi
  
  echo ""
  echo  "|------------------------------------定时任务内容------------------------------------|" 
  crontab -l
  echo ""
  echo  "|---------------mysql备份脚本[$mysql_path/$script_name]内容如下---------------|" 
  cat  $mysql_path/$script_name
  echo -e "\033[33m************************************完成mysql数据库备份脚本配置*****************************************\033[0m"
  echo ""
}


bk_mysqlbackup

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3、基于蓝鲸平台测试自动编写备份脚本

测试成功..

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4、测试备份的脚本是否有效

成功完成备份..

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后面会分享更多devops和DBA方面内容，感兴趣的朋友可以关注下..

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