背景知识
月经是生理上的循环周期,发生在一些具有生育能力的女性人类和雌性黑猩猩与别的雌性动物之间。刺毛鼠,母牛、母马、母骆驼、母猪、母羊等也会来月经,某些哺乳类动物则是经历动情周期。育龄妇女和灵长类雌性动物,每隔一个月左右,子宫内膜发生一次自主增厚,血管增生、腺体生长分泌以及子宫内膜崩溃脱落并伴随出血的周期性变化。这种周期性阴道排血或子宫出血现象,称为月经。月经期流出的血也叫经血。

正文阅读
Not enough is known about the science of pads and tampons
卫生巾和卫生棉条真的卫生吗?
The female reproductive system has an entire branch of medicine, gynaecology, devoted to it. Yet all that effort has more or less neglected a quotidian matter that really ought to be investigated properly. Or rather, not a quotidian matter, but a menstrual one. At any given time, about 300m of the world’s women are menstruating. Of these three-quarters will be using some sort of menstrual product—tampons, pads, pantyliners, cups, period underwear, discs and so on—to regulate their flow. An average woman who employs such devices will use around 15,000 of them during her life. Someone with abnormally heavy periods might need thousands more. And many women wear several products simultaneously, for extra protection.
女性生殖系统有一个完整的医学分支,妇科医学,便是致力于此。然而,所有这些努力或多或少都忽略了一个确实应该得到适当调查的日常问题。或者更确切地说,不是日常的问题,而是月经的问题。每时每刻,世界上都有大约3亿女性月经来潮。其中四分之三的人将使用某种经期产品—卫生棉条、卫生巾、护垫、月经杯、经期内衣、月经碟等—来控制月经。普通女性一生中将使用大约1.5万个经期产品。月经异常多的人可能在此基础上还要多用数千个。许多女性同时使用几种产品,以获得额外的保护。
Moreover, the skin of the vulva, the vagina’s external protection—which comes into direct contact with pads and pantyliners—is one of the body surface’s most sensitive parts. It is more permeable than the rest of the epidermis, and becomes still more absorbent when irritated. And the vaginal canal, where tampons sit, is lined by mucous membranes supplied by blood vessels that absorb chemicals into the bloodstream without metabolising them.
此外,外阴的皮肤作为阴道的外部保护,它直接与卫生巾和护垫接触,是人体表面最敏感的部位之一。它比其他部位的表皮更具渗透性,在受到刺激时仍会变得更有吸收性。卫生棉条所在的阴道腔有血管供应的粘膜层,这些粘膜将化学物质吸收入血,而不会对其进行代谢。
These would, it might be thought, be reasons for scientific investigation of the composition of menstrual products, and regimes of regulation capable of responding to the findings of such investigation. That is what happens with drugs and foodstuffs, two other classes of product routinely inserted into the body. But scientific investigations are patchy, and regulation is variable between jurisdictions.
这些可能被认为是对月经产品成分进行科学调查的原因,也被认为是能够对这种调查结果作出反应的监管制度。这就是在药物和食品所经常看到的情况,因为这是另外两类经常被带入人体的东西。但科学调查并不完善,不同司法管辖区的监管也各不相同。
今日单词
- pad /pæd/ n.(吸收液体、保洁或保护用的)软垫,护垫,垫状物;
- tampon /ˈtæmpɑːn/ n. 卫生棉条,止血棉塞;
- reproductive system [解剖] 生殖系统;
- a branch of medicine 一个医学的分支;
- gynaecology /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑːlədʒi/ n. 基本负载,基本荷载;
- more or less 或多或少;
- quotidian /kwoʊˈtɪdiən/ adj. 每日的;平凡的;
- or rather 更精确地说,倒不如说;
- menstrual /ˈmenstruəl/ adj. 月经的;每月的;
- pantyliner /'pæntɪlaɪnər/ n. 卫生护垫;
- disc /dɪsk/ n. 圆盘;月经碟;
- flow /floʊ/ n. <非正式>月经;
- average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 普通的,平常的;
- employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 使用,利用;
- period /ˈpɪriəd/ n. 月经;经期;例假;
- vulva /ˈvʌlvə/ n. 外阴;
- vagina /vəˈdʒaɪnə/ n. 阴道;
- external protection 外部保护;
- permeable /ˈpɜːrmiəb(ə)l/ adj. 能透过的;有渗透性的;
- epidermis /ˌepɪˈdɜːrmɪs/ n. 上皮,表皮;
- absorbent /əbˈzɔːrbəntˌəbˈsɔːrbənt/ adj. 能吸收(液体)的;
- irritate /ˈɪrɪteɪt/ vt. 刺激(皮肤或身体部位);
- vaginal canal 阴道腔;
- line /laɪn/ vt.(在某物的内部)形成一层;
- mucous membranes n. 黏膜;
- blood vessels 血管;
- bloodstream /ˈblʌdstriːm/ n. 体内循环的血液;
- metabolise /məˈtæbəlaɪz/ vt. 使新陈代谢;
- composition /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 成分构成,成分;
- regimes of regulation 监管制度;
- foodstuff /ˈfuːdstʌf/ n. 食品;粮食;
- routinely /ruːˈtiːnli/ adv. 常规地;惯常地;
- insert /ɪnˈsɜːrt/ vi. 插入;嵌入;
- patchy /ˈpætʃi/ adj. 不完整的;参差不齐的;
- regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 规章制度,规则;
- jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ n. 司法管辖区;行政辖区;
素材来源
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文发布时间:19 Dec. 2022
每日美句
After black clouds, clear weather.
否极泰来。