上次小编发的照片不够清晰被吐槽，这次变成文字啦！
2018年12月六级英语听力原文Conversation 1
A: Hey I just read a great book about physics. I think you’d like it. It’s called the physics of the world. It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.
B: Oh I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.
A: And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.
B: I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors. I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process.
A: Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.
B: Yes, I must say this, a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.
Question 1: What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?
Question 2: What can we find in the book the man recommended?
Question 3: How does the author bring her book to life?
Question 4: How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics.
Conversation 2
A:Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy. I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.
B:Sure. I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?
A:The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that‘s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.
B:Yeah, that‘s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.
A:Exactly. That‘s what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.
B:I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you’re interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right.
A:Oh yeah, he‘s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.
B:Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. If you take a look at his biography. You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty, specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.
A:Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I‘ll let you get back to class now.
B:If there‘s anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.
Question 5: What is the man‘s problem?
Question 6: What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?
Question 7: What’s the man really more interested in?
Question 8: What does the professor say the man has to do?
Passage 1
During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.
Question 9: What did climate scientists describe as stunning?
Question 10: What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?
Question 11: What may occur in 20 years according to scientists’ recent observations?
Passage 2
A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. And if you want to increase that willpower. A new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we believe it’s a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.
Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people.
Question 12: What is often necessary for carrying through a task?
Question 13: What is the finding of the new study?
Question 14: What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?
Question 15: What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?
Lecture 1
Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. In 2013, researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that‘s responsible for most of this disruption. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. Over the past few years, we have made dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. Machines can’t handle things they haven‘t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before.
Question 16 What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?
Question 17. What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?
Question 18. What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?
Lecture 2
we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. Can you run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so. Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water, for example, a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy. Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas, leaving calcium oxide. The gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy. The gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory, says Valentijn, this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.
Question 19: What has the speaker previously talked about?
Question 20: What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?
Question 21: What has a Japanese research team tried to do?
Lecture 3
Today‘s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.
First,people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services.
Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.
They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. Even so, they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matter. However, at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change? Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.
Question 22: What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?
Question 23: What does the speaker say about residential and community care?
Question 24: What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?
Question 25: What does the speaker say about older people in England?
【听力答案】
ABCDD ABCAC BCDAB ADCDA BDACB
1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.
2. B) Stories about some female physicists.
3. C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.
4. D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.
5. D)He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.
6. A) It is too broad.
7. B) Nature.
8. C) List the parameters first.
9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.
10. C) It typically appears about once every ten years.
11. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.
12. C) A strong determination.
13. D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.
14. A) They could keep on working longer.
15. B) They are subject to change.
16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.
17. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.
18. C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.
19. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.
20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.
21. B) Find a new material for storing energy.
22. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.
23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.
24. C) Their preference for private services.
25. B) They have long been discriminated against.
2018年12月英语六级阅读真题答案
【第一套】
匹配题1
Do parents invade children’s privacy when they post photos online?
HMNEB AJLGD
36. Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be be beneficial
37. According to an expert, when children reach school age, they can help their parents learn what can and cannot be done
38. One mother refrained from posting her son’s photos online when she considered the matter from her sons perspective.
39. According to a study, more children than parents think there should be rules on parents shanng
40. Katlyn Burbidge had never realized she had to ask her son’s approval to put his photos online
41. A mother decided not to post her son’s photo online when he asked her not to
42. A woman pediatrician tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experience
43. There are people who decide simply not to share their children’s photos online.
44. Parents and physicians should realize sharing information online about children may involve risks.
45. Parents who share their parenting experiences may find themselves intruding into the children’s privacy.
【第2套】
匹配题2
Resilience is about how your recharge not how you endure
DJLAE KIBGC
36.It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents
37.Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is
38.Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39.The author always has a hectic time before taking a fight.
40.Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working
41.It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking
42.Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery
43.The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44.People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from the upbringing.
45.People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
【第3套】
匹配题3
A pioneering woman of science re-emerges after 300 years
KIEMG OCLFD
36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant
37. The European audience was mere interested in Merian’s drawings than her gender.
38. Merian’s masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.
39. Merian’s mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.
40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.arr
41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.
42. Merian contributed greatly to people’s better understanding of medicine and science.
43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.
44. Now, Merian’s role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.
45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自动服务秕，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长地健身需求。除了新建体育馆外，许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数量。在政府资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量。
【综合分析】
纵观三套试卷我们会发现，今年六级翻译主要考查的是生活类的话题，主要涉及到图书馆、博物馆和体育馆的内容，和我们日常生活紧密挂钩，难度较之四级有所增加，但和往年相比基本处于持平的状态。在考查形式上和研究生考试完全相反，属于汉译英。不管是英译汉还是汉译英，均需要注意两种语言在表达习惯上的差异。其中最容易出错的地方即英文在表达时用逗号连接两个句子，这一点各位同学一定要注意。因为英文是一种形合的语言，逗号不能直接连接两个句子，语义的衔接连接需要通过逻辑连词来实现。
此外，我们平时需要多注意积累一些常见的句式以及一些考点词组搭配。这次考试中综合分析三套试题，其中“越来越……”这个表达出现了四次，“许多”也出现了多次，大部分同学第一直觉想到的依旧是初中表达“more and more...”和“many”这样并不出彩，如果平时复习时多注意积累的话，可能会想到“an increasing number of ...”“a considerable number of... ”“a host of ...”这些相对高级的表达。
2018年12月英语六级真题作文(如何平衡工作和休闲)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to balance work and leisure. You have to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
【参考范文】
There is a hot discussion about how to balance work and leisure. Against a backdrop of an era characterized by opportunity and challenges, more and more people put focus on their job and ignore the importance of entertainment. To make our work more efficient and live a healthier life, as far as I am concerned, they are relative and should be balanced well.
The skill to balance study and work contributes directly to enhancing our work performance, if one wants to achieve his target or intends to fulfill his ambition, he will have to possess the scientific attitude toward the balance of work and leisure, otherwise he will not achieve any success. Additionally, when we spend much of our time on working, both of our physical and mental condition would be in a depressing state, which means we need proper leisure to refresh our spirit.
Taking an objective and rational attitude toward the balance of work and leisure is very important. On the one hand, we could arrange our work in advance and complete it efficiently in time; on the other hand, we could take advantage of our spare time to develop a hobby or just relax ourselves. Only in this way could we better our living quality further.
【译文】
关于工作和休闲之间的平衡已成为一个热门话题，随着时代的发展，越来越多人过于关注自己的工作而忽视了休闲的作用，其实在我看来，想要实现高效工作并且拥有健康的生活，我们应该平衡好二者的关系。
平衡好工作和休闲的能力会更有助于我们的工作。如果一个人想要实现个人目标或理想，他就必须对平衡二者持有科学的态度，否则他不会达成真正的成功。此外，一旦我们在工作上花费时间，我们的身体和精神都会处于一个低迷的状态，因此我们应该需要适当的休闲来重振精神。
对平衡二者持有一种客观理性的态度非常重要。一方面，我们尽可能提前安排工作，并且在规定时间内高效完成;另一方面，我们也要利用空闲时间发展一个喜欢的爱好或者仅仅放松自己，只有这样我们才会进一步改善我们的生活质量。
2018年12月六级真题作文范文(如何平衡学术与业余文化生活)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities/how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests/how to balance work and leisure. You have to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】
How to Balance Academic Study and Extracurriculum Activities
Currently, with the competition becoming fierce, a growing number of undergraduates are under great pressure in their life, which bring negative influence on their mental and physical health. Therefore, how to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities becomes one of heated topics among college students.
For my part, both academic study and extracurriculum activities are critical to college students. On the one hand, there is no doubt in saying that college students should give priority to their academic study, since it contributes directly to their expertise, job hunting as well as academic achievements. On the other hand, extracurriculum activities also plays an indispensable role in college life in that extracurriculum activities like basketball, soccer and so on can relax ourselves, relieve our pressure and most importantly, enhance physical fitness. All these factors are vital to a efficient way of academic study.
In conclusion, it is high time that college students should paid close attention to taking part in appropriate extracurriculum activities. Only in this way can they be engaged in academic studies and hold a positive attitude toward college life.
【译文】
当前，随着竞争变得加剧，越来越多的大学生处在巨大的压力之下，这对他们的身心健康带来了很多负面影响。因此，如何平衡学业与业余生活成了大学生的热门话题之一。
对我而言，学业和业余文化生活对大学生都十分关键。一方面，毫无疑问，大学生应该对学业给与优先考虑，因为学业直接影响他们的专业知识，就业以及学术成就。另一方面，业余活动也应该大学生活不可或缺的一部分，因为像篮球，足球等之类的业余活动能够放松身心，释放压力，最重要的是，提高身体素质。这些因素对高效的学术学习十分关键。
总的来说，大学生是时候该重视参加适当的业余活动了。只有这样，他们才能投入学术学习，并更加积极地面对大学生活。
希望大家六级顺利通过，同时关注一下小编