Python发邮件详解

一、利用163的smtp发送邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

# 第三方SMTP服务
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_port = 587
mail_user = 'daw***an@163.com'
mail_pass = '*********' # 这里要使用授权码,而不是邮箱密码



sender = 'daw***an@163.com'
receivers = ['daw***an@163.com','dav***an@live.com','dav***an@qq.com']

# 需要定义三个参数
# 第一个参数为文本内容
# 第二个参数plain设置文本格式
# 第三个参数utf-8设置编码格式
message = MIMEText("Python发送邮件", "plain", "utf-8")
message['From'] = sender # 由于邮箱安全认证，需要把发件人放到message['From'], 否由会”出现554 SPM错误“
message['To'] = sender  # 由于邮箱安全认证，需要把发件人放到message['To'], 否由会”出现554 SPM错误“

subject = 'Python SMTP发送邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')


try:
    mailserver = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 587) 
    mailserver.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
    mailserver.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    mailserver.quit()
    print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print("发送邮件失败！")

• 163邮箱用户smtp和获取授权码的方法如下图所示：

163邮箱用户smtp和获取授权码

• 发送网邮件效果:

发送邮件效果图

二、封装通用发邮件工具类

import os
import random
import smtplib
import time
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

class EmailUtils(object):
    def __init__(self, sender, receivers, username, password, smtp_server='smtp.qq.com', smtp_port=465):
        self.sender = sender
        self.receivers = receivers
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.smtp_server=smtp_server
        self.smtp_port = smtp_port

        # 连接服务器
        self.connect_server()

    def create_email(self, title):
        # 创建一个带附件的实例
        message = MIMEMultipart()
        message['From'] = self.sender
        message['To'] = self.receivers
        message['Subject'] = Header(title, 'utf-8')
        self.message = message

    # 附件内容，如文本文件，图片文件等
    def email_appendix(self, file_path):
        att1 = MIMEText(open(file_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
        # 指定头部信息
        att1['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream' #内容为二进制流
        att1['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"'%(os.path.basename(file_path))
        self.message.attach(att1)

    def email_content(self, content, content_type='plain'):
        # 邮件正文内容
        # plain正常文本内容，html可以发送html格式内容
        self.message.attach(MIMEText(content, content_type, 'utf-8'))

    def connect_server(self):
        # 连接邮件的服务器
        mailserver = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server, self.smtp_port)

        try:
            # 连接qq的smtp服务器
            mailserver.login(self.username, self.password)
        except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError:
            print('请检查用户名和授权码是否正确')
            return
        else:
            self.mailserver = mailserver

    def send_email(self):
        # 发送一封邮件
        self.mailserver.sendmail(self.sender, self.receivers, self.message.as_string())
        print('发送邮件成功！')
    
    def __del__(self):
        self.mailserver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
		# 此处的密码为授权码
    mail = EmailUtils(sender='dav***an@qq.com', receivers='dav***an@live.com', username='dav***an@qq.com', password='**********')
    mail.create_email('创建一封测试邮件')
    # 添加邮件内容
    mail.email_content('您好！欢迎阅读我的内容')
    # 添加附件
     mail.email_appendix('background.jpg')
    # 发送邮件
    mail.send_email()
    

• QQ邮箱获取授权码方法

QQ邮箱获取授权码

邮件效果