不一定。定语从句的关系词有三个功能: 第一,引导作用,在从句中引导主谓;第二,指代作用,指代先行词,或者与先行词有关;第三,在从句中必须做成分的。第三个功能最重要。
一,引导词在定语从句中的成分:
- The teacher who taught you math last term is my uncle. 上学期教你们数学的老师是我的叔叔。(who做主语)
- The pen which you bought yesterday writes very well. 你昨天买的那支钢笔好写。(which 做宾语)
- The girl,whose mother is an English teacher,does well in all her subjects.那个女孩各科都学得好,她妈妈是英语老师。(whose 做定语)
- The house where his aunt lives is big.他的阿姨住的房子很大。(where 做状语)
二,什么时候用关系副词where,why,when
这三个关系副词只能在从句中做状语,它们都相当于: 介词➕关系代词
- The house which his aunt lives in is big. (我们先用关系代词which 指代the house, 后面就必须要加介词in, 才可以)我的阿姨住的房子很大。
- The house in which his aunt lives is big. (也可以把介词in 放在which左边, 这时的in which 就是地点状语,可以用where代替介词短语in which)
- The house where his aunt lives is big.(关系副词where 做地点状语)
因此,我们必须看清楚是否需要介词,先用关系代词指代先行词,然后,不需要介词的时候,只能用关系代词。如果需要介词,才可以用关系副词代替介词短语。这时,行为动词是不是及物动词,特别关键了。
- I remember the day _we spent working in the farm. (这里关系代词做spent的宾语的,所以用which或者that)我还记得我们安排去在农场干活的那一天。
- I remember the day _we worked on the farm. (用which指代那天,我们工作与那天意思上不通,需要加介词on, 在那天,所以用on which, 可以用when代替,关系副词when做时间状语)我还记得我们在农场劳动的那一天。
- This is the reason _he didn't come to school. (用which代替reason, 他没有来上学,与“理由”意思上没有联系,只能加介词for, for the reason 因为这个原因,for which 可以用why代替,做原因状语)这就是他没有来上学的原因。
- This is the place _all of us would like to go to. (最关键的地方是句子后面有个介词to, 所以,这里关系词只能做宾语,不能做地点状语,选择which或者that)这就是我们大家都想去的地方。
- This is the beautiful farm _the boss want to buy. (这里关系词指代农场,只能做买的宾语,所以,只能用关系代词which或者that)这就是那个老板想买下来的那个漂亮的农场。
- This is the big farm_we picked apples together. (这里可以用关系代词which或that指代农场,但是,后面是摘苹果,为了与摘苹果联系起来,必须加介词on, on which在农场,可以用关系副词where代替,做地点状语)这就是我们一起摘苹果的那个大农场。
所以,定语从句中的关系词,一定要注意它们做什么成分,做状语的时候,才可以用关系副词,不能做状语的,只能用关系代词。
