where引导从句的特殊先行词 (先行词reason引导词用什么)

不一定。定语从句的关系词有三个功能: 第一,引导作用,在从句中引导主谓;第二,指代作用,指代先行词,或者与先行词有关;第三,在从句中必须做成分的。第三个功能最重要。

一,引导词在定语从句中的成分:

  1. The teacher who taught you math last term is my uncle. 上学期教你们数学的老师是我的叔叔。(who做主语)
  2. The pen which you bought yesterday writes very well. 你昨天买的那支钢笔好写。(which 做宾语)
  3. The girl,whose mother is an English teacher,does well in all her subjects.那个女孩各科都学得好,她妈妈是英语老师。(whose 做定语)
  4. The house where his aunt lives is big.他的阿姨住的房子很大。(where 做状语)

二,什么时候用关系副词where,why,when

这三个关系副词只能在从句中做状语,它们都相当于: 介词➕关系代词

  1. The house which his aunt lives in is big. (我们先用关系代词which 指代the house, 后面就必须要加介词in, 才可以)我的阿姨住的房子很大。
  2. The house in which his aunt lives is big. (也可以把介词in 放在which左边, 这时的in which 就是地点状语,可以用where代替介词短语in which)
  3. The house where his aunt lives is big.(关系副词where 做地点状语)

因此,我们必须看清楚是否需要介词,先用关系代词指代先行词,然后,不需要介词的时候,只能用关系代词。如果需要介词,才可以用关系副词代替介词短语。这时,行为动词是不是及物动词,特别关键了。

  1. I remember the day _we spent working in the farm. (这里关系代词做spent的宾语的,所以用which或者that)我还记得我们安排去在农场干活的那一天。
  2. I remember the day _we worked on the farm. (用which指代那天,我们工作与那天意思上不通,需要加介词on, 在那天,所以用on which, 可以用when代替,关系副词when做时间状语)我还记得我们在农场劳动的那一天。
  3. This is the reason _he didn't come to school. (用which代替reason, 他没有来上学,与“理由”意思上没有联系,只能加介词for, for the reason 因为这个原因,for which 可以用why代替,做原因状语)这就是他没有来上学的原因。
  4. This is the place _all of us would like to go to. (最关键的地方是句子后面有个介词to, 所以,这里关系词只能做宾语,不能做地点状语,选择which或者that)这就是我们大家都想去的地方。
  5. This is the beautiful farm _the boss want to buy. (这里关系词指代农场,只能做买的宾语,所以,只能用关系代词which或者that)这就是那个老板想买下来的那个漂亮的农场。
  6. This is the big farm_we picked apples together. (这里可以用关系代词which或that指代农场,但是,后面是摘苹果,为了与摘苹果联系起来,必须加介词on, on which在农场,可以用关系副词where代替,做地点状语)这就是我们一起摘苹果的那个大农场。

所以,定语从句中的关系词,一定要注意它们做什么成分,做状语的时候,才可以用关系副词,不能做状语的,只能用关系代词。

先行词只能用that的情况,哪些先行词用where引导定语从句