◆ satisfaction; content
◇ satisfaction“满足”,为名词,指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感,其形容词为satisfactory(指事物,不可用人作主语)或satisfied(可用人作主语)。例如:
His success gave me great satisfaction. 他的成功令我非常满意。
Your work is satisfactory. 你的工作令人满意。
I am satisfied at your success. 我对你的成功感到满意。
◇ content“满足”,为普通用语,语气较弱,其要求值不高,一般的事情只要过得去或没有什么不满就算content,可作名词或形容词(可用人作主语)。例如:
He takes content in nothing. 他这人从不知足。 He takes content in everything. 他这人容易满足。 He is content to live in the countryside. 他满足于住在乡下。
◆ search;search for; search…for;in search of
◇ search vt.search sb.搜某人的身;search a place 搜某个地方。如:
The policeman is searching a thief.那警察正在搜小偷的身。
◇ search for sb./sth.搜寻、寻找某人、某物。如:
They searched for that man everywhere.他们到处寻找那个人。
◇ search…for sb./sth.搜……寻找某人、某物。如:
They searched the woods for a lost child.他们在树林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。
◇ in search of中的search为名词,意为“寻找;寻求”。如:
They went to Australia in search of gold.他们去澳大利亚寻找金子。
◆ search; search for; look for
◇ search用作及物动词,后跟“人”时,意为“搜身”;后跟地点名词时,表示“对某地进行搜查”。也可在宾语后加for短语,表示搜查具体目标。如: The policemen searched everyone at the party. 警察对参加聚会的每个人都进行了搜身。 The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed. 敌人在山上搜寻红军,但没找到。
◇ search for意为“寻找”,可视为是search...for的省略式,此时search为不及物动词。如: She searched for her lost cat everywhere,but failed. 她到处寻找走失的猫,但没找到。
◇ 另外,search用作名词,常构成短语:in one’s search for相当于in search of, 后者search前不用冠词或人称代词。如: They went out in their search for food.=They went out in search of food.他们外出寻找食物。
◇ look for意为“寻找”,但没有search for注意力集中,地点名词不可直接跟在look后作宾语,其前需加介词。如: What are you looking for on the playground﹖ 你在操场上找什么呢?
◆ set up;set out;set off;set about
◇ set up 建立政权、组织、国家等。如:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
政府已成立工作组调查*品毒**泛滥问题。
◇ set out 出发;动身。如:
They set out for Beijing yesterday.他们昨天动身去北京。(此种情况下out可用off替换)。
◇ set out to do sth.开始做某事。如:
She set out to break the world land speed record.她决心打破陆上速度的世界纪录。
◇ set off使(地雷、*弹炸**)等爆炸。如:
Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.
要格外小心这些烟火,稍有火星就会引起爆炸。
◇ set sb.off doing sth.使某人开始干某事。如:
Her imitations always set us off laughing.她模仿别人的动作,每次都把我们逗笑。
◇ set about用于set about sth./doing sth.结构中,表示开始做某事,着手干某事。如:
The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems.
新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。
◆ so/such
◇ 两者都可以表示“如此”、“这样”。so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词,如果修饰单数可数名词(名词前常有形容词修饰),其后需加不定冠词a或an,即把不定冠词置于such的后面,形容词的前面。 例如:
He writes so well.他字写得这么好。
He told us such a funny story.他给我们讲了一个很有趣的故事。
◇ 另外,当名词前有many,much,few,little等词修饰时,用so,不用such;当单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时,也可以用so,但要调整冠词的位置,即冠词置于形容词之后,单数可数名词前。例如:
They made so much noise,our teacher got angry.他们吵得这么历害,老师生气了。
It's so cold a day to day.(=It's such a cold day today.)今天是这么寒冷的一天。
◆ so as to; in order to; so…as to
◇ so as to与in order to二者均表示“以便;为了”,后接动词不定式作目的状语,可以换用;但so as to引导的目的状语不能置于句首,而in order to则可以。如: He stopped working in order to/so as to take a rest.他停止工作以便休息。 In order to make a living, he had to work day and night.为了谋生,他不得不日夜工作。
◇“so+形容词/副词+as to”的意思是“如此的……以致于”,引导表示结果的状语。如: He ran so fast as to get a pain in his side.他跑得太快,结果导致腹侧疼痛。
◆ sometimes/sometime/some time
◇ sometimes是个频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发生的不经常性,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如:
Sometimes I have lunch at school.有时我在学校吃午饭
◇ sometime是个副词,意为“某时”,指时间上不确定的某一点,常用于过去时或将来时。如:
I saw him sometime in July.七月有一天我曾见到过他。
◇ some time是个名词短语,意思是“一段时间”,在句中常与for,take等词连用。如:
I'll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿呆一段时间。
◆ sow;plant;grow
◇ sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”,其后跟(the)seeds或“植物(结成种状的)”。如:
It’s time to sow wheat now. 现在该种小麦了。
Don’t sow the seeds of hatred. 请不要撒下仇恨的种子。(比喻用法)
◇ plant意为“栽、插、移植”,其后跟作物(多为苗状的)。如:
He plants rice fastest in the village. 他在那个村子里插秧的速度最快。
The garden was planted with Chinese roses. 园子里栽上了月季。
◇ grow作及物动词时,意为“种植、培植”,后接宾语(不表明种状还是苗状,强调种植后的栽培及管理过程);作不及物动词时,意为“生长、发育”;作系动词时,意为“变得”。如:
They can only grow potatoes in the fields. 他们只能在地里种土豆。
It grows up straight and thin. 它长得又直又细。
It began to grow dark. 天渐渐黑了。
◆ spend/take/pay
◇ spend“花费”常用于 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)on sth.或 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)(in)doing sth.其主语一般是人。
如:He spent 20 yuan on the pen.他花了20元钱买了这支钢笔。
I spent a week(in)finishing reading the book.我花了一周时间读完这本书。
◇ take常用于占用或花费“时间”,其句型为:Sth.takes sb.time 或 It takes sb.time to do sth. 如:
The work will take us two hours.这项工作将花费我们两小时。
It took me three days to travel to Beijing.我在北京旅游了三天。
◇ pay“付款、给……报酬”,它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型:①Sb.pay(s)sb.money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。 如:
He pays me fifty yuan a week.他每周给我五十元的报酬。
②pay for sth.意为“付……款、给……报酬”。 如:
He has paid for the meal.他已付了那顿饭的钱。
③pay money for sth.意为“花多少钱买某物”。如:
My father paid 40 pounds for the desk.我父亲花了40英磅买了这张书桌。
◆ step/walk
◇ 这两个词都与“走、步行”有关,它们都可以作动词或名词。
step多用来指“短步,台步或急步”,而walk多用来表示“漫步,散步或稳步”。
如:作动词The young man stepped into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作短、急)
The young man walked into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作慢、稳)
作名词 We heard his steps of coming home.我们听到了他回家的脚步声。(表示脚步声)
Let's have(take)a walk,shall we?咱们散散步,好吗?(表示四处走动走动)
◆ steady;firm
◇ firm常译为“坚固的”,“坚决的”,表示具体的事物地位
牢固不易动摇;也可表示意志、信仰的“坚定”。如:
We must stop people walking on this floor until it is firm.
我们一定不能让人在这地板上走动,要等地板牢固了才行。
Our friendship is as firm as a rock. 我们的友谊坚如磐石。
◇ steady则意为“稳固的”,“扎实的”,强调保持平衡不动摇,如指有形物,则指根基的稳固;也可用于指运动中的平稳。如:
It is hard to hold a steady position on the beam. 在平衡木上保持平衡是很困难的。 He is making steady progress.他正取得稳步的进步。
◆ stop/pause/end 三者都表示“停止”,都可作动词用。
◇ stop后跟to do时,表示停下来去做另一件事;后跟doing时,表示停止正在做的事情。如:
He stopped to greet us. 他停下来向我们打招呼。
I have stopped smoking. 我已戒烟了。
◇ pause含有“休、止”之义,强调“中止”。如:
◇ end多指“自然的结束”。如:
The book ends on page 364. 该书在第364页结束
◆ struggle; fight
◇ fight意为“打仗,战斗,和……作斗争”。常构成词组:fight for为……而战;fight against为反对……而斗争;fight with和……一起战斗。如:
Lincoln fought hard for freedom of all people.林肯为全民的自由而奋斗。
Some countries who fought with each other in World War II fought against each other in the Cold War.
有些在二战中并肩作战的国家在冷战中却互相进行争斗。
◇ struggle意为“挣扎”,也可指“斗争”,与fight相比,斗争更为费力,处境更难。struggle against和(同)……斗争;struggle for为……斗争。如:
The Canadians struggled all through the years with us against the Japanese.
那些加拿大人那些年一直和我们一起同日本人斗争。
The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。
◆ supply; provide
两者均可表示“供应;供给”,指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给,用法如下:
◇ supply常与to/for或with连用,其结构是:supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth.。例如:
They supply food to/for the survivors.=They supply the survivors with food.他们供应食物给幸存者。
◇ provide常与for或with连用,其结构是:provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.。例如:
He provides food and clothes for his family.=He provides his family with food and clothes.他给家人提供衣食。
◆ take along; take care of; take place; take out
1) Miss Wang ___ a handkerchief and blew her nose.
2) Mr Zhang ___ some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.
3) Since 1996, great changes ___ in our school.
4) My grandmother was ill.I must stay at home to ___ her.
析: ①took out。表示“拿出;掏出”。 ②took along。表示“携带;随身带着”,其中along是副词。 ③have taken place。表示“发生”,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 ④take care of。表示“照料;照管;照顾”。
◆ tell ... from; tell ... between
◇ 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B意为“区分A和B”,也可以说成tell the difference between A and B。如:
Can you tell American English from British English﹖ 你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?
To tell the truth, I really can’t tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians.
老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人
◆ the same as;the same that
◇ the same as是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如:
Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same book as Mr Wang lost. 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。
◇ 而the same that作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如:
This is the same book that Mr Wang lost. 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。
That is the same bike that I lost. 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。
◆ think of/think about/think over
◇ 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。
◇ think of多用来指“想起,认为”。 如:
Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my parents.昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。
What do you think of that book?你认为那本书怎么样?
◇ think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。 如:
Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧!
◇ think over意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考”。 如
◇Before you answer this question,please think it over.
在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。
◆ this kind of, of this kind
◇ 二者都表示“这种……”,但“this kind of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致;“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如:
This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce. 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。
◆ though;although;as
◇ 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是although的语气更强一些。如:
Though/Although it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.
◇ 此外,though可以用于省略句,although很少这样用though引导的从句可以部分倒装,although引导的从句不用倒装语序。如:
Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.
Poor though I am, I can afford it.
◇ as表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。
Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates.
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.
注意:as引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。
◆ through; over; across; into
1) The PLA man jumped ___ the water to save the boy.
2) The highway goes under the river ___ the tunnel.
3) There is a bridge ___ the river.
4) The ship sailed ___ the Atlantic.
5) The students walked ___ the gate with Mr Liu.
析: ①into。意为“进入;到……里”,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 ⑤through。意为“通过;穿过”,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 ③over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在……上面”,表示动作时为“越过……”之意。 ④across。意为“横过;穿过”,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。
◆ trip;journey;travel;tour
◇ ◇ trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如:
We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation.
在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。
◇ journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如:
He made a long journey from Beijing to London.
他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。
◇ travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如:
He came home after five years of travel. 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。
◇ tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如:
Confucius began to make his tour among the states. 孔夫子开始周游列国。
◆ try on; try out
◇ try on指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”及“试戴(帽子)”等,其中的on为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在on之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。例如:
try on a coat=try a coat on 试穿衣服
The new hat is for you.Please try it on.
这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。
◇ try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的out为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out要分开用。例如:
We tried out this new crop on a large area last year. 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 I'll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看能否行得通。
