英语句子还可以按结构分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。
考点五：简单句的六种基本句型
【经典习题】
下列句子各属于简单句的哪种基本句型？请选择。
A. 主语 + 谓语
B. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
C. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
D. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
E. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
F. There be结构
( ) 1. Trees turn green in spring.
( ) 2. Tom gave me the ball.
( ) 3. There are three books on the desk.
( ) 4. Little Tom plays basketball every afternoon.
( ) 5. My grandfather died several years ago.
( ) 6. The teacher asked the students not to swim in the river.
【考点点拨】
简单句是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。在英语中，简单句有以下六种基本句型：
①主语 + 谓语（S + V）
②主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S + V + O）
③主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P）
④主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO）
⑤主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S + V + O + OC）
⑥There be结构
【即时操练】
翻译下列简单句。
1. 他们正在认真地听。
2. 火车很快就要离开了。
3. 我父母早上八点上班。
4. 这些蛋糕尝起来非常美味可口。
5. 我爸爸在1999年成为一名英语老师。
6. 他给我买了本英文词典。
7. 你可以把那颗篮球传给她吗？
8. 我们应该保持教室干净。
9. 我爸爸鼓励我常做体育运动。
10. 桌子上有三支钢笔和一块橡皮吗？
考点六：并列连词和并列句
【经典习题】
根据句意，在句中填入适当的并列连词。
1. Take exercise every day, you’ll become stronger and healthier.
2. You must work hard, you’ll fall behind others.
3. The Greens are at the meeting, you can’t see them now.
4. I soon fell asleep, I was too tired.
5. My grandpa is old in good health.
6. I like English my brother likes maths.
【考点点拨】
并列句指由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子,连词前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。
常见的并列连词有：and, but, while, or, so, for。它们表达的含义如下：
① and意为“和，并且”，表示语义的顺延或并列关系。
② but意为“但是”，表示语义的转折。
③ while意为“而”，表示对比关系。
④ or意为“或者，或，否则”，表示选择关系或否定的条件。
⑤ so意为“因此，所以，于是”，表示因果关系。
⑥ for意为“因为”，表示因果关系，通常表示对前面事实的补充或进一步说明。
【即时操练】
选择填空。
( ) 1. Read this article, you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
( ) 2. — Would you like to hang out with me?
— I’d love to, I have to study for the test first.
A. and
C. but
D. or
( ) 3. It was raining heavily, we decided to stay at home and play chess.
A. but
B. or
C. because
D. so
( ) 4. It’s raining. You’d better take an umbrella, you may get wet.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
( ) 5. Write down the telephone number, you’ll forget it.
A. or
B. and
C. so
( ) 6. Going to the movies is good, I really only like listening to music.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or
( ) 7. Air pollution is becoming more and more serious, we should take action to stop it.
A. so
B. but
C. or
D. until
( ) 8. — Doctor, I’ve got a headache.
— Don’t worry. Just take some medicine, you’ll be OK again.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or
考点七：复合句
一、 宾语从句的时态、语序和连接词
【经典习题】
( ) 1. You can get to know your children really want by communicating with them.
A. whether
B. what
C. how
D. where
( ) 2. There were many people over there. He asked .
A. what had happened
B. what was happened
C. what did happen
( ) 3. My grandmother always asks me .
A. why can she use the iPad
B. how can she use the iPad
C. how she can use the iPad
D. when can she use the iPad
( ) 4. — Could you tell me every morning?
— Sure. I have to catch the school bus.
A. why you get up early
B. why do you get up early
C. why did you get up early
D. why you got up early
( ) 5. — Could you tell me at this time last weekend?
— I was studying for the exams.
A. what you were doing
B. what were you doing
C. how were you doing
D. how you were doing
( ) 6. Alice, do you know tomorrow?
A. what we have done
B. who will come
C. where they went
( ) 7. — What did he ask just now?
— He wondered .
A. if they would meet at the school gate
B. when would they start
C. that they would take some food
D. how they will get there
( ) 8. — Ms. Perry, can you tell me ?
— Africa.
A. what the baby giraffe likes eating
B. why the baby giraffe looks unhappy
C. when the baby giraffe was born
D. where the baby giraffe came from
【考点点拨】
在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句与主句之间由连接词来连接。
★宾语从句主要有三种：that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略）；if/whether引导的宾语从句，if/whether不能省略；连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，连接代词和连接副词不能省略。
★宾语从句用陈述句语序。
★当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用所需时态。当主语是一般过去时时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态（客观真理和客观事实除外）。
二、 状语从句的类型及从属连词
【经典习题】
( ) 1. — When shall we begin our trip?
— We’ll set out our head teacher arrives.
A. as soon as
B. ever since
C. so that
D. even though
( ) 2. Daming hasn’t done much exercise he got his computer.
A. when
B. if
C. though
D. since
( ) 3. The group had to wait after 12 to check in at the hotel.
A. since
B. until
C. while
D. when
( ) 4. You’ll have a great time you go to the party.
A. so
B. if
C. although
( ) 5. He was crazy about rock music he almost spent all his free time listening to it.
A. too; to
B. so; that
C. both; and
【考点点拨】
在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句按照其用途可分为时间、条件、原因、结果和让步状语从句等。从句由从属连词引导。
★时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, before, after, as, until, till, as soon as等。
★条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless, as long as等引导。
注意：在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或具有将来的含义，从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来。
★原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since。其中because语气最强，用来回答以why引导的疑问句，可表示已知或未知的事实；as表示的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实，引导的从句多置于主句之前；since的语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实。
★结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so … that … , such ... that …, so that。
注意：so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。so that既可以引导结果状语从句也可以引导目的状语从句。当它引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语常有may, might, can, could, will, would, should等情态动词。
★让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though, although, even if, even though。
注意：在让步状语从句中，though, although不能与but同时使用。
三、 定语从句的意义和关系词
【经典习题】
( ) 1. This is one of the most interesting cities I have ever visited.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. when
( ) 2. QQ is a tool is mainly used for people to talk to others online.
A. which
B. who
C. where
( ) 3. The woman is the most important in my life is my mother.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. what
( ) 4. The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice.
A. which were
B. that is
C. that were
D. which was
( ) 5. — Please say something about Zheng He.
— Oh! He is the Ming dynasty explorer of all the Chinese are proud.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. that
【考点点拨】
在复合句中充当定语的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom, whose引导；当先行词表示物时，定语从句用关系代词that, which, whose引导。关系副词when, where和why在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
注意：定语从句的谓语动词需与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
【即时操练】
一、 按要求完成下列句子。每空一词。
1. The students asked, “Who will teach us English?” (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
The students asked teach English.
2. Is there a bank near here? The new student wants to know. (合并为一句)
The new student wants to know there a bank near here.
3. Could you please tell me how to get to the new shopping center? (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Could you please tell me to the new shopping center?
二、 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
1. 我想知道她讲什么语言。
I wonder she .
2. 我没有听见你刚才所说的话。
I didn’t hear just now.
3. 你一到北京就给我打电话吗？
Will you call me you to Beijing?
4. 昨天晚上，我直到父母回来才上床睡觉。
I go to bed my parents came back last night.
5. 如果明天不下雨，我们要去野餐。
We will go for a picnic it tomorrow.
6. 虽然她很有钱，但她过得不幸福。
, she didn’t live a happy life.
7. 我太累了，想马上睡觉。
I am tired I want to go to bed at once.
8. 格林先生是一位如此和蔼的老师，所有的学生都喜欢他。
Mr. Green is a friendly teacher all the students like him.
9. 你昨天买的那支钢笔坏了。
The pen yesterday doesn’t work.
10. 任何违反规则的人将会受到惩罚。
Anyone will be punished.
参考答案:
考点五：
1. C 2. D 3. F
4. B 5. A 6. E
【即时操练】
1. They are listening carefully.
2. The train will leave soon.
3. My parents go to work at eight in the morning.
4. These cakes taste very delicious.
5. My father became an English teacher in 1999.
6. He bought me an English dictionary.
7. Can you pass the basketball to her?
8. We should keep the classroom clean.
9. My father encourages me to do sports often.
10. Are there three pens and an eraser on the desk?
考点六：
1. and
2. or
3. so
4. for
5. but
6. but / and / while
【即时操练】
1-5 BCDAA 6-8 BAA
考点七：
一、 1-5 BACAA 6-8 BAD
二、 1-5 ADBBB
三、 1-5 BABDB
【即时操练】
一、
1. who would; them
2. if / whether; is
3. how I can get
二、
1. what language(s); speaks
2. what you said
3. as soon as; get
4. didn’t; until
5. if; doesn’t rain
6. Though / Although she was rich
7. so; that
8. such; that
9. that / which you bought
10. who breaks the rules