How often you should wash your bed sheets, according to a microbiologist
床单应该多久洗一次？让科学家来告诉你
chuáng dān yīng gāi duō jiǔ xǐ yī cì ？ràng kē xué jiā lái gào sù nǐ
你的床单多长时间洗一次呢？两星期？一个月？还是半年？科学家给出了答案：一星期。你的肉眼看不见，不代表你的床单不脏。如果床单超过一星期不洗，落在上面的各种细菌和真菌就会让你过敏甚至生病。
nǐ de chuáng dān duō zhǎng shí jiān xǐ yī cì ne ？liǎng xīng qī ？yī gè yuè ？hái shì bàn nián ？kē xué jiā gěi chū le dá àn ：yī xīng qī 。nǐ de ròu yǎn kàn bú jiàn ，bú dài biǎo nǐ de chuáng dān bú zāng 。rú guǒ chuáng dān chāo guò yī xīng qī bú xǐ ，luò zài shàng miàn de gè zhǒng xì jun1 hé zhēn jun1 jiù huì ràng nǐ guò mǐn shèn zhì shēng bìng 。
We spend more than a third of our lives in bed - but that place can quickly blossom into a "botanical park" of bacteria and fungus, according to New York University microbiologist Philip Tierno.
纽约大学的微生物学家菲利普•缇艾诺指出，我们有超过三分之一的人生都是在床上度过的，而我们的床可以迅速发展成细菌和真菌的“植物园”。
niǔ yuē dà xué de wēi shēng wù xué jiā fēi lì pǔ •tí ài nuò zhǐ chū ，wǒ men yǒu chāo guò sān fèn zhī yī de rén shēng dōu shì zài chuáng shàng dù guò de ，ér wǒ men de chuáng kě yǐ xùn sù fā zhǎn chéng xì jun1 hé zhēn jun1 de “zhí wù yuán ”。
If left for too long, the microscopic life within the wrinkles and folds of our bed sheets can even make us sick, Tierno told Business Insider.
缇艾诺告诉商业内幕网说，如果床单太久不洗，床单皱褶里的微生物就会让我们生病。
tí ài nuò gào sù shāng yè nèi mù wǎng shuō ，rú guǒ chuáng dān tài jiǔ bú xǐ ，chuáng dān zhòu zhě lǐ de wēi shēng wù jiù huì ràng wǒ men shēng bìng 。
To stem the invisible tide, he said sheets should be washed once a week.
为了防范于未然，他表示床单应该每周洗一次。
wéi le fáng fàn yú wèi rán ，tā biǎo shì chuáng dān yīng gāi měi zhōu xǐ yī cì 。
Humans naturally produce roughly 26 gallons of sweat in bed every year. When it's hot and humid outside, this moisture becomes what scientists call an "ideal fungal culture medium."
人类每年在床上自然分泌的汗液达26加仑。如果外面炎热潮湿，床上的湿度就会变成科学家所说的“理想的真菌培养基”。
rén lèi měi nián zài chuáng shàng zì rán fèn mì de hàn yè dá 26jiā lún 。rú guǒ wài miàn yán rè cháo shī ，chuáng shàng de shī dù jiù huì biàn chéng kē xué jiā suǒ shuō de “lǐ xiǎng de zhēn jun1 péi yǎng jī ”。
In a recent study that assessed the level of fungal contamination in bedding, researchers found that feather and synthetic pillows between 1.5 and 20 years old can contain between four and 17 different species of fungus.
最近的一项研究评估了床上用品的真菌污染水平，研究人员发现，使用年限在1.5年和20年之间的羽绒和化纤枕头含有4到17种不同的真菌。
zuì jìn de yī xiàng yán jiū píng gū le chuáng shàng yòng pǐn de zhēn jun1 wū rǎn shuǐ píng ，yán jiū rén yuán fā xiàn ，shǐ yòng nián xiàn zài 1.5nián hé 20nián zhī jiān de yǔ róng hé huà xiān zhěn tóu hán yǒu 4dào 17zhǒng bú tóng de zhēn jun1 。
And it's not just your own microbial life you're sleeping with. In addition to the fungi and bacteria that come from your sweat, sputum, skin cells, and vaginal and anal excretions, you also share your bed with foreign microbes.
和你一起睡觉的不光是你身上的微生物。除了你的汗液、唾液、皮肤细胞、*处私**和肛门分泌物中的真菌和细菌，你还和外来微生物共享你的床。
hé nǐ yī qǐ shuì jiào de bú guāng shì nǐ shēn shàng de wēi shēng wù 。chú le nǐ de hàn yè 、tuò yè 、pí fū xì bāo 、sī chù hé gāng mén fèn mì wù zhōng de zhēn jun1 hé xì jun1 ，nǐ hái hé wài lái wēi shēng wù gòng xiǎng nǐ de chuáng 。
These include animal dander, pollen, soil, lint, dust mite debris and faeces, and finishing agents from whatever your sheets are made from, to name a few.
这些外来微生物包括动物毛屑、花粉、泥土、线头、螨虫尸体和粪便，以及生产你的床单所用的整理剂，这些还只是其中一部分而已。
zhè xiē wài lái wēi shēng wù bāo kuò dòng wù máo xiè 、huā fěn 、ní tǔ 、xiàn tóu 、mǎn chóng shī tǐ hé fèn biàn ，yǐ jí shēng chǎn nǐ de chuáng dān suǒ yòng de zhěng lǐ jì ，zhè xiē hái zhī shì qí zhōng yī bù fèn ér yǐ 。
Tierno says all that gunk becomes "significant" in as little as a week. And unclean bedding still exposes you to materials that can trigger the sniffing and sneezing, since the microbes are so close to your mouth and nose that you're almost forced to breathe them in.
缇艾诺说，在短短一周的时间里，这些污物就会变得“严重”起来。不清洁的床单被罩会让你暴露在这些物质中，从而引发鼻炎和喷嚏，因为微生物离你的嘴和鼻子太近了，你几乎是被迫将它们吸进去。
tí ài nuò shuō ，zài duǎn duǎn yī zhōu de shí jiān lǐ ，zhè xiē wū wù jiù huì biàn dé “yán zhòng ”qǐ lái 。bú qīng jié de chuáng dān bèi zhào huì ràng nǐ bào lù zài zhè xiē wù zhì zhōng ，cóng ér yǐn fā bí yán hé pēn tì ，yīn wéi wēi shēng wù lí nǐ de zuǐ hé bí zǐ tài jìn le ，nǐ jǐ hū shì bèi pò jiāng tā men xī jìn qù 。
"Even if you don't have allergies per se, you can have an allergic response," Tierno said.
缇艾诺说：“即使你本人不是过敏体质，你也可能产生过敏反应。”
tí ài nuò shuō ：“jí shǐ nǐ běn rén bú shì guò mǐn tǐ zhì ，nǐ yě kě néng chǎn shēng guò mǐn fǎn yīng 。”
Another reason your sheets get dirty quickly has little to do with your behaviour or sweat patterns - the issue is simply gravity.
你的床单迅速变脏的另一个原因和你的行为或流汗模式没有太大关系，问题主要在于重力。
nǐ de chuáng dān xùn sù biàn zāng de lìng yī gè yuán yīn hé nǐ de háng wéi huò liú hàn mó shì méi yǒu tài dà guān xì ，wèn tí zhǔ yào zài yú zhòng lì 。
"Just like Rome overtime was buried with the debris that falls from gravity, gravity is what brings all that material into your mattress," Tierno said.
缇艾诺说：“就像罗马随着时间的流逝最终会被重力拉垮，被碎片掩埋，重力也将所有这些物质带到了你的床上。”
tí ài nuò shuō ：“jiù xiàng luó mǎ suí zhe shí jiān de liú shì zuì zhōng huì bèi zhòng lì lā kuǎ ，bèi suì piàn yǎn mái ，zhòng lì yě jiāng suǒ yǒu zhè xiē wù zhì dài dào le nǐ de chuáng shàng 。”
One to two weeks of this build-up is enough to leave anyone with a scratchy throat - especially those with significant allergies or asthma.
这些物质在床上累积一到两周就足以让任何人喉咙发痒，尤其是那些有严重过敏或哮喘病史的人。
zhè xiē wù zhì zài chuáng shàng lèi jī yī dào liǎng zhōu jiù zú yǐ ràng rèn hé rén hóu lóng fā yǎng ，yóu qí shì nà xiē yǒu yán zhòng guò mǐn huò xiāo chuǎn bìng shǐ de rén 。
"If you touched dog poo in the street, you'd want to wash your hands," said Tierno. "Consider that analogous to your bedding. If you saw what was there - but of course you don't see it - after a while you have to say to yourself, 'Do I want to sleep in that?'"
缇艾诺说：“如果你在街上碰了狗屎，你会想洗手。如果你的床单上粘上了不干净的东西呢？如果你看到了床单上的那些物质——当然你看不到——你得问问自己：‘我想睡在那张床上吗？’”
tí ài nuò shuō ：“rú guǒ nǐ zài jiē shàng pèng le gǒu shǐ ，nǐ huì xiǎng xǐ shǒu 。rú guǒ nǐ de chuáng dān shàng zhān shàng le bú gàn jìng de dōng xī ne ？rú guǒ nǐ kàn dào le chuáng dān shàng de nà xiē wù zhì ——dāng rán nǐ kàn bú dào ——nǐ dé wèn wèn zì jǐ ：‘wǒ xiǎng shuì zài nà zhāng chuáng shàng ma ？’”
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