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2024考研英语二
Text 2 Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm. According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, Known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences, “ the wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care. One previous study looked at the Efe people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans' evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child's wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers - this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ration of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.”
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英语二翻译
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’ markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce— all at the same time. Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where-and to who- their money is going. 空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴（3分）。它们还提供了一个机会，可以与负责种植或培育你食物的人交谈，支持你当地的经济，同时购买新鲜的时令农产品，这些都是同时发生的。（3分） 农贸市场通常是每周或每月的活动，大多数情况有户外摊位，这允许农户们或农产品生产者直接向顾客出售食品。（3分）市场的规模或规律可能因季节而异，这取决于该地区的农历，你可能会在一年中的不同时期发现不同的农产品在销售。（3分）通过减少中间商，农民们的农产品获得了更多的利润。（2分）购物者还可以准确地看到他们的钱去了哪里，流向了谁。（1分）
2024考研英语二新题型答案（网友版）CEAGB
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