副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子。
例句：Andrew, my father's younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family's disappointment. (1997 年第 3 题)
分析：该句是简单句，其中副词 much 修饰介词短语 to the family s disappointment。
译文：我父亲的弟弟安德鲁不会参加野餐，这令全家人非常失望。
一、副词的分类
1. 时间副词
如 now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。
例句: Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. (选自 2004 年 Text 4)
分析：该句是简单句。
译文：现在美国人不重视智力。
2. 地点副词
如 here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere 等。
例句：Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (选自 2002 年 Text 1)分析： 该句是复合句，两个 which 引导的定语从句分别修饰 an example 和 a story，前一个 which 引导的定语从句为非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。
译文： 比如说，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个能很好地发挥幽默效果 的故事，因为所有的听众都对医生持有相同的看法。
3. 程度副词
如 fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。
例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997 年第 34 题)
分析：该句是复合句，although 后面跟的是让步状语从句。
译文：虽然付给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。
4. 频率副词
如 sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。
例句： In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
分析：该句是简单句，其中 built in 意为“内嵌式的”。在方式状语中， that need to be served 为定语从句，修饰 the functions。
译文： 此外，根据需要满足的功能，设计者通常必须选择家具或设计内嵌 式家具。
5.方式副词，表示动作发生或进行的方式
如 quickly，fast，slowly，suddenly，carefully， well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。例句： You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.
分析：该句是复合句，if 引导的从句表示与现在相反的虚拟语气。
译文：如果你的卧室内部突然变得和饭店内部一样，你可能会大吃一惊。
6.疑问副词
如 when, where， how， why, who。
例句：So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (选自 2002 年 Text 3)
分析：该句是特殊疑问句。动词 warn 的 ing 形式作 headlines 的后置定语， 表示一种主动关系。
译文：那么这次警告人们经济萧条到来的头版新闻又在哪儿呢?
7.关系副词
如 when，where，why。
例句：Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up.
分析：该句是复合句，主句是 it is hard to imagine...。其中，it 是形式主语， 真正的主语是 to imagine that...to competition; that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S.是定语从句修饰 the same threats; when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up 是非限制定语从句修饰 a century ago。
译文：然而，目前几家石油公司的合并是否再次给竞争带来威胁难以预料。 因为美国一个世纪前曾由于合并引发了一场竞争危机，造成了标准石油托拉斯的 解体。
8.连接副词
如 therefore, then, however, otherwise, hence, so, moreover, yet, consequently, besides, nevertheless, when, where, why, how。
例句： It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. (选自 2002 年 Use of English)
分析：该句是复合句，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century。followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s 作定语修饰 the introduction。 although its impact on the media...是一个让步状语从句。
译文： 然而，人们普遍认为，20 世纪初出现的计算机以及随后在 20 世纪 60 年代发明的集成电路尽管对传媒的影响没有立即显现出来，但却彻底改变了发展进程。
9.否定副词
如 rarely，seldom，hardly，scarcely，never。
例句：The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. (选自 2011年 Text 4)
分析：该句是简单句。其中，分词短语 showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby 和 holding a cute baby 分别作后置定语，修饰 cover 和 mother。
译文：展现“魅力妈妈怀抱可爱宝宝”的杂志封面并非本周报摊上唯一对“圣母与圣子”形象的描述。
例句： Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients — notably, protein — to feed expanding tissues. (选自 2008 年 Text 3)
分析： 该句是复合句，主干部分是 Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20 是修饰主语 growth 的非限制性定语从句。后面的破折号起补充说明作用。
译文：20 岁后很少有人再继续长高，长高需要热量和营养，特别是蛋白质， 以满足身体组织生长的需求。
